:root{
  --ink:#10242b;--ink-2:#243a42;--muted:#607279;--brand:#087f8c;--brand-dark:#06616a;--brand-soft:#e9f6f7;
  --line:#dce6e8;--line-strong:#c8d6d9;--soft:#f5f8f9;--white:#fff;--danger:#a92323;
  --shadow:0 14px 40px rgba(16,36,43,.10);--shadow-sm:0 5px 18px rgba(16,36,43,.08);
  --radius:16px;--radius-sm:11px;--max:1320px;--reading:780px;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--white);scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;min-width:320px;line-height:1.6;background:#fff;overflow-wrap:break-word}
body.nav-open{overflow:hidden}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
a:hover{color:var(--brand)}
button,input,textarea,select{font:inherit}
button{cursor:pointer}
img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;background:#edf3f4}
svg{max-width:100%}
.container{width:min(calc(100% - 40px),var(--max));margin-inline:auto}
.narrow{max-width:820px}
.sr-only{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}
.skip-link{position:fixed;left:14px;top:-100px;z-index:9999;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);padding:10px 14px;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);font-weight:800}
.skip-link:focus{top:14px}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(8,127,140,.32);outline-offset:3px}

/* Header */
.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.header-main-row{min-height:76px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px}
.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex:none;font-size:22px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-.025em;white-space:nowrap}
.brand-mark{width:38px;height:38px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:11px;background:var(--brand);color:#fff;flex:none;overflow:hidden}
.brand-light{color:#fff}
.header-search{margin-left:auto;width:min(460px,40vw);display:flex;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:999px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s}
.header-search:focus-within{border-color:var(--brand);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(8,127,140,.09)}
.header-search input{min-width:0;flex:1;border:0;outline:0;padding:10px 15px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink)}
.header-search button{border:0;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:0 18px;font-weight:800}
.header-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}
.icon-btn{display:none;width:42px;height:42px;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:21px}
.menu-icon{width:20px;display:grid;gap:4px}
.menu-icon i{height:2px;border-radius:2px;background:currentColor;display:block}

.desktop-nav-shell{border-top:1px solid #eef2f3;position:relative}
.desktop-nav-row{height:48px;display:flex;align-items:stretch;gap:18px}
.desktop-nav{flex:1;min-width:0}
.desktop-nav-list{height:100%;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;align-items:stretch;gap:4px}
.desktop-nav-item{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap}
.desktop-nav-item>a{height:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 11px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink-2);border-bottom:2px solid transparent}
.desktop-nav-item>a:hover,.desktop-nav-item>a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--brand);border-bottom-color:var(--brand)}
.desktop-submenu-toggle{border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--muted);padding:6px 5px;margin-left:-8px;border-radius:6px;line-height:1}
.desktop-nav-item:hover>.nav-dropdown,.desktop-nav-item:focus-within>.nav-dropdown,.desktop-nav-item.open>.nav-dropdown{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);pointer-events:auto}
.nav-dropdown{position:absolute;left:0;top:calc(100% - 1px);width:min(760px,82vw);display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:0 0 15px 15px;padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(8px);transition:.16s ease;white-space:normal}
.desktop-nav-item:nth-last-child(-n+2) .nav-dropdown{left:auto;right:0}
.nav-dropdown-intro{padding-right:20px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}
.nav-parent-link{display:block;font-size:18px;font-weight:900;line-height:1.2;margin-top:6px}
.nav-dropdown-body>.nav-sublevel{columns:2;column-gap:26px}
.nav-sublevel{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}
.nav-subitem{break-inside:avoid;padding:0 0 7px}
.nav-subitem>a{display:block;font-weight:750;font-size:14px;padding:5px 0}
.nav-subitem>.nav-sublevel{padding-left:13px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.nav-sublevel-2 a,.nav-sublevel-3 a,.nav-sublevel-4 a{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)}
.all-topics-wrap{flex:none;display:flex;align-items:center}
.all-topics-button{height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:999px;background:#fff;padding:0 13px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink-2)}
.all-topics-button:hover,.all-topics-button[aria-expanded="true"]{border-color:var(--brand);color:var(--brand);background:var(--brand-soft)}
.mega-panel{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;max-height:min(70vh,650px);overflow:auto;background:#fff;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.mega-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px;padding-block:28px}
.mega-group{min-width:0}
.mega-group h2{font-size:17px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 10px;padding-bottom:9px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--brand-soft)}
.mega-group h2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.mega-group .nav-subitem{padding-bottom:3px}
.mega-group .nav-subitem>a{padding:3px 0}
.mega-group .nav-sublevel-2,.mega-group .nav-sublevel-3,.mega-group .nav-sublevel-4{display:block;padding-left:10px;margin-left:4px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.mega-utility{background:var(--soft);padding:18px;border-radius:var(--radius-sm);align-self:start}
.mega-utility>a{display:block;padding:8px 0;font-weight:750;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}

.mobile-search,.mobile-nav-panel,.nav-backdrop{display:none}

/* Shared typography */
.kicker,.eyebrow{font-size:12px;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.13em;color:var(--brand);font-weight:900}
.breadcrumbs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.breadcrumbs a{color:var(--brand-dark);font-weight:700}
.breadcrumb-sep{color:#95a7ac}
.meta{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.section-title{font-size:clamp(25px,3vw,34px);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:7px 0 0}

/* Home */
.hero{padding:38px 0 46px}
.hero-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.45fr) minmax(320px,.8fr);gap:38px;align-items:center}
.hero-media{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:20px;background:var(--soft);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}
.hero-media img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}
.hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(38px,4.3vw,62px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:9px 0 16px;text-wrap:balance}
.hero-copy p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.68;color:var(--muted);margin:0;max-width:58ch}
.hero-copy .meta{margin-top:17px}
.category-strip{padding:0 0 34px}
.category-strip-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:4px;scrollbar-width:thin}
.category-strip-label{flex:none;font-weight:900;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.category-chip{flex:none;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800}
.category-chip:hover{background:var(--brand-soft);border-color:#abd8dc;color:var(--brand-dark)}
.section{padding:48px 0}
.section.soft{background:var(--soft)}
.section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:24px;margin-bottom:24px}
.section-head p{max-width:58ch;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px}
.card{min-width:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;transition:transform .18s,box-shadow .18s,border-color .18s;content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:420px}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:#c7dadd;box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}
.card>a{display:block;overflow:hidden}
.card img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .25s}
.card:hover img{transform:scale(1.015)}
.card-body{padding:18px}
.card h3{font-size:21px;line-height:1.26;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:7px 0 9px}
.card p{color:var(--muted);margin:0;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}
.two-col,.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 330px;gap:42px;align-items:start}
.story-list{min-width:0}
.story-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:190px}
.story-row:first-child{padding-top:0}
.story-row>a{overflow:hidden;border-radius:12px;background:var(--soft)}
.story-row img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}
.story-row h2,.story-row h3{font-size:22px;line-height:1.27;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:0 0 8px}
.story-row p{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 8px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}
.sidebar{position:sticky;top:142px}
.sidebar-card{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px;border-radius:var(--radius);margin-bottom:22px;background:#fff}
.sidebar-card h2{font-size:19px;margin:0 0 10px}
.sidebar-card ol{padding-left:24px;margin:0}
.sidebar-card li{padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.sidebar-card li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.side-link{display:block;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-weight:750;line-height:1.35}
.side-link:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.category-hub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}
.category-hub-card{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:20px;background:#fff}
.category-hub-card h2,.category-hub-card h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 10px}.category-hub-card ul ul{margin:7px 0 2px 12px;padding-left:14px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.category-hub-card>ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;gap:6px}
.category-hub-card li a{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-2);font-weight:650}
.category-hub-card .view-all{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;color:var(--brand);font-weight:800;font-size:13px}

/* Category / taxonomy */
.page-hero{padding:38px 0 30px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#f5f9f9 0%,#fff 100%);border-bottom:1px solid #eef3f4}
.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(36px,4.4vw,54px);line-height:1.06;letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:10px 0 12px;text-wrap:balance}
.page-hero p{max-width:72ch;color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;margin:0}
.child-categories{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;margin-top:20px}
.child-categories a{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:999px;padding:8px 12px;background:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:800}
.child-categories a:hover{border-color:var(--brand);background:var(--brand-soft)}

/* Article */
.article-wrap{padding:38px 0 50px}
.article{min-width:0}
.article h1{font-size:clamp(38px,5vw,62px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:17px 0 14px;text-wrap:balance}
.dek{font-size:20px;line-height:1.62;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 16px}
.article-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin:18px 0}
.article-meta strong{color:var(--ink)}
.article-hero{width:100%;border-radius:18px;margin:24px 0 28px;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;background:var(--soft)}
.article-body{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:19px;line-height:1.82;color:#172a30;max-width:var(--reading)}
.article-body>p:first-child{font-size:20px}
.article-body h2,.article-body h3,.article-body h4{font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.025em;scroll-margin-top:150px}
.article-body h2{font-size:31px;line-height:1.18;margin:42px 0 14px}
.article-body h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.25;margin:32px 0 12px}
.article-body h4{font-size:20px}
.article-body p{margin:0 0 21px}
.article-body a{color:#086f78;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}
.article-body ul,.article-body ol{padding-left:26px;margin:0 0 22px}
.article-body li{margin:7px 0}
.article-body blockquote{margin:28px 0;padding:4px 0 4px 20px;border-left:4px solid var(--brand);font-size:21px;color:var(--ink-2)}
.article-body img{margin:28px auto;border-radius:12px;max-height:780px;object-fit:contain}
.article-body figure{margin:28px 0}
.article-body figcaption{font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px;text-align:center}
.article-body table{display:block;width:100%;overflow-x:auto;border-collapse:collapse;margin:24px 0;font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:15px}
.article-body td,.article-body th{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:9px 11px;text-align:left}
.article-body pre{max-width:100%;overflow:auto;background:#12252c;color:#edf7f8;padding:18px;border-radius:11px;font-size:14px}
.article-source{margin-top:30px;padding:18px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--soft);font-size:14px}
.article-source h2{font-size:17px;margin:0 0 7px}
.tag-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:30px 0}
.tag-list a,.topic-grid a{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 11px;border-radius:999px;background:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:750}
.related-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:14px}
.related-card{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff}
.related-card img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}
.related-card span{display:block;padding:11px;font-weight:750;line-height:1.3;font-size:14px}

/* Topic/tag/search */
.topic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}
.topic-grid a{border-radius:12px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}
.topic-grid span{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}
.pagination{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:30px 0;align-items:center}
.pagination a,.pagination span{min-width:40px;text-align:center;padding:8px 11px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;background:#fff}
.pagination .current{background:var(--brand);border-color:var(--brand);color:#fff;font-weight:800}
.big-search{display:flex;max-width:720px}
.big-search input{min-width:0;flex:1;padding:13px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px 0 0 10px;font-size:16px}
.big-search button{border:0;background:var(--brand);color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-weight:800;border-radius:0 10px 10px 0}.btn-primary{border:0;background:var(--brand);color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-weight:800;border-radius:10px}
.form-card{display:grid;gap:16px}
.form-card label{display:grid;gap:6px;font-weight:750}
.form-card input,.form-card textarea{width:100%;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;font:inherit}
.notice{padding:12px;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:18px}.notice.success{background:#e6f7ec}.notice.error{background:#fdecec}
.ad-slot{margin:24px 0;min-height:1px;overflow:hidden}
.prose{font-size:17px;max-width:800px}
.prose h2{margin-top:32px}
.not-found{padding:90px 0;text-align:center}.error-code{font-size:90px;line-height:1;font-weight:900;color:var(--brand)}
.inline{display:inline-block}

/* Footer */
.site-footer{background:#10242b;color:#d8e5e8;padding:50px 0 20px;margin-top:42px}
.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.6fr) repeat(3,minmax(140px,1fr));gap:38px}
.footer-grid h2{font-size:14px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#fff;margin:0 0 12px}
.footer-grid p{color:#b9cbd0;max-width:48ch}
.footer-grid a{display:block;padding:4px 0;color:#d8e5e8}
.footer-grid a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}
.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid #2b444b;margin-top:30px;padding-top:18px;font-size:13px;color:#afc2c7}

@media(max-width:1080px){
  .desktop-nav-shell{display:none}.header-search{width:min(520px,55vw)}.icon-btn{display:flex}.search-toggle{display:none}
  .site-header{position:sticky}.sidebar{top:94px}.hero-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(300px,.8fr)}
  .card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.category-hub{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.topic-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
  .mobile-nav-panel{display:block;position:fixed;z-index:102;top:0;right:0;width:min(430px,92vw);height:100dvh;background:#fff;box-shadow:-16px 0 48px rgba(16,36,43,.18);transform:translateX(105%);transition:transform .22s ease;overflow:auto}
  .mobile-nav-panel.open{transform:translateX(0)}
  .mobile-nav-inner{padding:18px 18px 30px}
  .mobile-nav-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding-bottom:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:18px}
  .mobile-nav-close{border:0;background:#f1f5f6;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:10px;font-size:25px;line-height:1}
  .mobile-nav-level{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
  .mobile-nav-level-0>li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
  .mobile-nav-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}
  .mobile-nav-row>a{flex:1;padding:12px 3px;font-weight:800}
  .mobile-nav-level-1 .mobile-nav-row>a{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;padding:9px 3px 9px 15px}
  .mobile-nav-level-2 .mobile-nav-row>a,.mobile-nav-level-3 .mobile-nav-row>a{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);padding-left:30px}
  .mobile-submenu-toggle{width:38px;height:38px;border:0;border-radius:8px;background:transparent;font-size:20px;color:var(--brand)}
  .mobile-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(45deg)}
  .mobile-nav-utility{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px;margin-top:18px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
  .mobile-nav-utility a{padding:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;font-size:13px;font-weight:750;text-align:center}
  .nav-backdrop{display:block;position:fixed;z-index:101;inset:0;border:0;background:rgba(16,36,43,.45);width:100%;height:100%}
}

@media(max-width:820px){
  .container{width:min(calc(100% - 30px),var(--max))}.header-main-row{min-height:66px;gap:12px}.brand{font-size:20px}.brand-mark{width:35px;height:35px}.header-search{display:none}.search-toggle{display:flex}.icon-btn{width:40px;height:40px}
  .mobile-search{display:block;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0;background:#fff}.mobile-search form{display:flex}.mobile-search input{min-width:0;flex:1;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px 0 0 9px;padding:11px 12px}.mobile-search button{border:0;background:var(--brand);color:#fff;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0;padding:0 15px;font-weight:800}
  .hero{padding:24px 0 30px}.hero-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:21px}.hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(34px,8vw,48px)}.hero-copy p{font-size:17px}.category-strip{padding-bottom:22px}
  .two-col,.article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.sidebar{position:static}.article-body{max-width:none}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr 1fr}.footer-grid>div:nth-child(4){grid-column:2/4}
  .page-hero{padding:28px 0 24px}.section{padding:38px 0}.section-head{align-items:start;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}
}

@media(max-width:600px){
  .container{width:min(calc(100% - 24px),var(--max))}.brand-name{font-size:20px}.hero-media{border-radius:14px}.hero-copy h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.08}.hero-copy p{font-size:16px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:4;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}
  .card-grid,.category-hub,.topic-grid,.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.card h3{font-size:20px}.story-row{grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr);gap:13px;padding:16px 0}.story-row h2,.story-row h3{font-size:17px}.story-row p{display:none}.story-row .meta{font-size:12px}.section-title{font-size:26px}
  .page-hero h1{font-size:35px}.page-hero p{font-size:16px}.article-wrap{padding-top:25px}.article h1{font-size:36px;line-height:1.08}.dek{font-size:18px}.article-body{font-size:18px;line-height:1.77}.article-body>p:first-child{font-size:19px}.article-body h2{font-size:27px}.article-body h3{font-size:22px}.article-hero{border-radius:13px;margin-top:20px}.related-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.footer-grid>div:nth-child(4){grid-column:auto}.mobile-nav-utility{grid-template-columns:1fr}.error-code{font-size:68px}
}

@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}


/* v1.2 legacy publication/UI badges */
.featured-label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;width:max-content;margin:0 8px 8px 0;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:999px;background:#e7f7f8;color:#08717c;font-size:11px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}
.article-body{margin-top:26px}


/* ==========================================================
   v1.3 — article UX + on-page SEO presentation
   ========================================================== */

/* Give the primary navigation a little more breathing room on desktop. */
@media(min-width:1081px){
  .desktop-nav-row{height:52px}
  .desktop-nav-list{gap:6px}
  .desktop-nav-item>a{padding-inline:13px;font-size:13.5px}
  .desktop-nav-item>a:hover,.desktop-nav-item>a[aria-current="page"]{background:var(--brand-soft)}
  .all-topics-button{height:36px}
}

/* Article layout: readable measure + calmer supporting rail. */
.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,820px) minmax(300px,360px);gap:56px;justify-content:space-between}
.article-header{max-width:900px}
.article h1{max-width:21ch}
.article-body{font-size:20px;line-height:1.78;max-width:var(--reading)}
.article-body>p:first-child{font-size:20px}
.article-body p{margin-bottom:23px}
.article-body h2{margin-top:46px}
.article-body img{margin-block:30px}
.article-sidebar{position:static}
.article-sidebar .sidebar-card{padding:18px}

/* Compact, scan-friendly related stories instead of tiny two-column cards. */
.related-list{display:grid;gap:0;margin-top:6px}
.related-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;align-items:start;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.related-row:first-child{padding-top:6px}
.related-row:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:2px}
.related-row img{width:96px;height:68px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:9px;background:var(--soft)}
.related-row span{font-size:14px;line-height:1.33;font-weight:800;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}
.related-sidebar-card h2{margin-bottom:4px}
.category-sidebar-card .eyebrow{display:block;margin-bottom:6px}
.category-sidebar-card h2{margin-top:0}

/* In-page table of contents. Links point to real H2/H3 IDs. */
.article-toc{max-width:var(--reading);margin:26px 0 4px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:#f8fbfb;overflow:hidden}
.article-toc summary{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;padding:14px 16px;cursor:pointer;font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:850;color:var(--ink);list-style:none}
.article-toc summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.article-toc summary span{font-size:20px;color:var(--brand);transition:transform .18s ease}
.article-toc[open] summary span{transform:rotate(45deg)}
.article-toc ol{margin:0;padding:0 18px 15px 40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-toc li{padding:6px 0;color:var(--ink-2)}
.article-toc .toc-level-3{margin-left:16px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}
.article-toc a{font-size:14px;font-weight:700}
.article-toc a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

/* The old Source box is intentionally not part of article UI in v1.3. */
.article-source{display:none!important}

/* Stronger end-of-article internal linking. */
.article-category-cta{max-width:var(--reading);margin:28px 0;padding:18px 20px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f7fbfb,#eef8f8)}
.article-category-cta .eyebrow{display:block;margin-bottom:5px}
.article-category-cta>div{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px}
.article-category-cta strong{font-size:17px}
.article-category-cta a{flex:none;color:var(--brand-dark);font-size:14px;font-weight:850}

.continue-reading{max-width:var(--reading);margin-top:34px;padding-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.section-head.compact{margin-bottom:18px}
.section-head.compact h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:4px 0 0}
.continue-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:15px}
.continue-card{min-width:0}
.continue-image{display:block;overflow:hidden;border-radius:11px;background:var(--soft)}
.continue-image img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .22s ease}
.continue-card:hover .continue-image img{transform:scale(1.02)}
.continue-card .kicker{display:block;margin-top:10px;font-size:10px}
.continue-card h3{font-size:15px;line-height:1.32;margin:5px 0 0;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.continue-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}

/* Cards should remain easy to scan even with long legacy titles. */
.card h3 a,.story-row h2 a,.story-row h3 a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.card h3{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}

@media(max-width:1080px){
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:34px}
  .article-body{font-size:19px}
}

@media(max-width:820px){
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}
  .article-sidebar{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:26px}
  .related-row{grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr)}
  .related-row img{width:112px;height:75px}
  .continue-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
  .article-category-cta>div{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}
}

@media(max-width:600px){
  .article h1{font-size:34px;max-width:none}
  .dek{font-size:17px;line-height:1.58}
  .article-meta{font-size:13px;margin:14px 0}
  .article-body{font-size:18px;line-height:1.76}
  .article-body>p:first-child{font-size:18px}
  .article-toc{margin-top:20px}
  .continue-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:13px}
  .continue-card h3{font-size:14px}
  .article-category-cta{padding:16px}
}

@media(max-width:420px){
  .continue-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
}


/* ==========================================================
   v1.4 — responsive density + taxonomy SEO polish
   ========================================================== */

.hero-title{font-size:clamp(38px,4.3vw,62px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:9px 0 16px;text-wrap:balance}
.hero-title a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.card-grid{row-gap:20px}
.card-body .kicker{display:inline-block}
.story-row .kicker{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:4px}
.sidebar-card ol{font-size:14px;line-height:1.45}
.sidebar-card li a{display:block}
.taxonomy-layout,.taxonomy-sidebar{min-width:0}
.taxonomy-sidebar .popular-card li{padding-block:8px}

:root{--reading:840px}
.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,860px) minmax(290px,340px);gap:48px}
.article h1{max-width:24ch}
.article-body{max-width:var(--reading)}
.article-toc,.article-category-cta,.continue-reading{max-width:var(--reading)}
.article-meta time{white-space:nowrap}
.related-row span{font-size:14.5px}
.continue-card h3{font-size:15.5px}
.continue-image img{background:#edf3f4}
.footer-brand p{margin-bottom:0}
.category-hub-card,.story-row,.continue-card{content-visibility:auto}
.category-hub-card{contain-intrinsic-size:220px}
.continue-card{contain-intrinsic-size:200px}

@media(max-width:1080px){
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:34px}
}

@media(max-width:820px){
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .article-sidebar{margin-top:0}
  .taxonomy-sidebar{margin-top:4px}
  .taxonomy-sidebar .sidebar-card{margin-bottom:16px}
}

@media(max-width:600px){
  .card-grid{gap:14px}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3){
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr);
    border-radius:12px;
    min-height:112px;
  }
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3)>a{height:100%}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3)>a img{width:112px;height:100%;min-height:112px;aspect-ratio:auto;object-fit:cover}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3) .card-body{padding:11px 12px}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3) .card-body p{display:none}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3) .kicker{font-size:9px}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3) h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.28;margin:5px 0 0;-webkit-line-clamp:4}

  .section{padding:32px 0}
  .section.soft{padding-block:34px}
  .section-head{margin-bottom:18px}
  .section-head p{font-size:14px}
  .category-strip-inner{gap:7px}
  .category-chip{padding:7px 10px;font-size:12px}

  .continue-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}
  .continue-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
  .continue-card:last-child{border-bottom:0}
  .continue-image{border-radius:9px}
  .continue-image img{width:112px;height:76px;aspect-ratio:auto}
  .continue-card .kicker{margin-top:1px;font-size:9px}
  .continue-card h3{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3;margin-top:4px}

  .article-wrap{padding-bottom:34px}
  .article-body img{margin-block:24px}
  .article-category-cta{margin-block:24px}
  .tag-list{margin:24px 0}
  .related-row span{font-size:14px}

  .site-footer{padding:36px 0 18px;margin-top:30px}
  .footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px 18px}
  .footer-brand{grid-column:1/-1}
  .footer-grid>div:nth-child(4){grid-column:auto}
  .footer-grid h2{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12px}
  .footer-grid a{font-size:13px;padding:3px 0}
  .footer-grid p{font-size:13px}
  .footer-bottom{margin-top:24px;padding-top:14px;font-size:12px}
}

@media(max-width:380px){
  .brand-name{font-size:18px}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3){grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr)}
  .card-grid .card:nth-child(n+3)>a img{width:100px}
  .continue-card{grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr)}
  .continue-image img{width:100px;height:70px}
}

/* ==========================================================
   v1.5 — navigation, responsive header and sticky article rail
   ========================================================== */
[hidden]{display:none!important}

/* Desktop header: clearer hierarchy, larger tap/click targets, no cramped micro-menu. */
.header-main-row{min-height:68px;gap:20px}
.brand{font-size:23px}
.brand-mark{width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:10px}
.header-search{width:min(430px,38vw)}
.desktop-nav-shell{background:#fff;border-top:1px solid #edf2f3}
.desktop-nav-row{height:50px;gap:14px;align-items:center}
.desktop-nav-list{gap:5px;align-items:center}
.desktop-nav-item{height:38px;border-radius:10px;transition:background .16s ease}
.desktop-nav-item:hover,.desktop-nav-item:focus-within{background:#f2f8f8}
.desktop-nav-item>a{height:38px;padding:0 12px;border:0!important;border-radius:10px;font-size:14px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.005em}
.desktop-nav-item>a:hover,.desktop-nav-item>a[aria-current="page"]{background:var(--brand-soft);color:var(--brand-dark)}
.desktop-submenu-toggle{width:28px;height:32px;display:grid;place-items:center;margin-left:-8px;padding:0;color:#62777d;font-size:14px}
.desktop-submenu-toggle:hover,.desktop-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"]{background:#dff1f2;color:var(--brand-dark)}
.all-topics-button{height:38px;padding:0 15px;font-size:13.5px}
.nav-dropdown{top:calc(100% + 6px);border-radius:14px;width:min(720px,76vw)}
.mega-panel{top:calc(100% + 1px)}

/* Article canvas: reduce the empty channel between reading column and sidebar. */
.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,900px) minmax(290px,320px);gap:28px;justify-content:center}
.article{min-width:0}
.article-body{max-width:860px}
.article-toc,.article-category-cta,.continue-reading{max-width:860px}
.article-sidebar{position:sticky;top:132px;align-self:start}
.article-sidebar .sidebar-card{margin-bottom:16px}

@media(min-width:981px) and (max-width:1080px){
  .desktop-nav-shell{display:block}
  .header-actions .icon-btn{display:none}
  .header-search{display:flex;width:min(390px,38vw)}
  .desktop-nav-item>a{padding-inline:9px;font-size:13px}
  .desktop-nav-list{gap:1px}
  .desktop-nav-row{gap:8px}
  .all-topics-button{padding-inline:11px;font-size:12.5px}
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 292px;gap:26px}
  .article-sidebar{top:130px}
}

/* Tablet/mobile header: one compact row + on-demand search + full category drawer. */
@media(max-width:980px){
  .site-header{position:sticky;top:0}
  .desktop-nav-shell{display:none}
  .header-main-row{min-height:64px;gap:10px}
  .header-search{display:none}
  .header-actions{margin-left:auto}
  .header-actions .icon-btn{display:flex;width:42px;height:42px}
  .search-toggle{display:flex!important}
  .brand{font-size:21px}
  .brand-mark{width:35px;height:35px}

  .mobile-search{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;z-index:104;padding:10px 0 12px;background:#fff;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(16,36,43,.08)}
  .mobile-search form{display:flex}
  .mobile-search input{min-width:0;flex:1;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-right:0;border-radius:10px 0 0 10px;padding:12px 13px;outline:0}
  .mobile-search input:focus{border-color:var(--brand)}
  .mobile-search button{border:0;background:var(--brand-dark);color:#fff;border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:0 17px;font-weight:850}

  .mobile-nav-panel{display:block;position:fixed;z-index:106;top:0;right:0;width:min(390px,100vw);height:100dvh;background:#fff;box-shadow:-18px 0 52px rgba(16,36,43,.22);transform:translateX(105%);transition:transform .22s ease;overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain}
  .mobile-nav-panel.open{transform:translateX(0)}
  .mobile-nav-inner{padding:16px 16px 28px}
  .mobile-nav-head{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2;background:#fff;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:4px 0 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:18px}
  .mobile-nav-level-0>li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
  .mobile-nav-row>a{padding:13px 4px;font-size:15px;font-weight:850}
  .mobile-nav-level-1{padding:3px 0 8px;background:#fafcfc;border-radius:9px}
  .mobile-nav-level-1 .mobile-nav-row>a{padding:9px 8px 9px 16px;font-size:14px}
  .mobile-nav-level-2 .mobile-nav-row>a,.mobile-nav-level-3 .mobile-nav-row>a{padding-left:28px;font-size:13px}
  .mobile-submenu-toggle{flex:none;width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:9px;background:#f5f9f9}
  .mobile-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"]{border-color:#cfe5e7;background:var(--brand-soft)}
  .nav-backdrop{display:block;position:fixed;z-index:105;inset:0;border:0;background:rgba(16,36,43,.5);width:100%;height:100%}

  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}
  .article-sidebar{position:static;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:24px}
}

@media(max-width:600px){
  .header-main-row{min-height:60px}
  .brand{gap:8px;font-size:20px}
  .brand-mark{width:34px;height:34px;font-size:12px}
  .header-actions .icon-btn{width:39px;height:39px;border-radius:10px}
  .mobile-search{padding-block:9px}
  .article-wrap{padding-top:22px}
  .article-layout{gap:22px}
}

/* ==========================================================
   v1.5.1 — ScienceInfo native icon system + nav polish
   ========================================================== */
.si-icon{display:inline-block;width:1em;height:1em;flex:none;vertical-align:-.125em;overflow:visible;color:currentColor}
.icon-btn .si-icon{width:20px;height:20px}
.link-icon{width:15px;height:15px;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:-2px;transition:transform .15s ease}
a:hover>.link-icon{transform:translateX(2px)}

/* Top navigation: one visual unit per category, with a quiet local SVG caret. */
.desktop-nav-item.has-dropdown{gap:0;padding-right:3px}
.desktop-nav-item.has-dropdown>a{padding-right:7px}
.desktop-submenu-toggle{margin-left:0!important;width:30px!important;height:30px!important;border-radius:8px!important;color:#70848a!important;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease}
.desktop-submenu-toggle .icon-caret{width:14px;height:14px;transition:transform .16s ease}
.desktop-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .icon-caret,.desktop-nav-item.open>.desktop-submenu-toggle .icon-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)}
.desktop-nav-item.has-dropdown:hover>.desktop-submenu-toggle{color:var(--brand-dark)!important}
.all-topics-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap}
.all-topics-button .icon-grid{width:15px;height:15px}
.all-topics-button .icon-caret{width:13px;height:13px;transition:transform .16s ease}
.all-topics-button[aria-expanded="true"] .icon-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)}

/* Header icon buttons use the same local sprite instead of text glyphs. */
.search-toggle,.menu-toggle,.mobile-nav-close{display:grid;place-items:center}
.mobile-nav-close .si-icon{width:20px;height:20px}

/* Mobile nested navigation: clear accordion behavior without + / V glyphs. */
.mobile-submenu-toggle{display:grid!important;place-items:center!important;color:var(--brand-dark)}
.mobile-submenu-toggle .icon-caret{width:17px;height:17px;transition:transform .16s ease}
.mobile-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .icon-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)}
.mobile-nav-utility a{display:flex!important;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px}
.mobile-nav-utility .si-icon{width:16px;height:16px;color:var(--brand)}

/* Breadcrumbs and directional links share the same chevron geometry. */
.breadcrumb-sep{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#8ba0a5}
.breadcrumb-sep .si-icon{width:12px;height:12px}
.side-link,.view-all,.article-category-cta a{align-items:center}

@media(max-width:980px){
  .header-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}
  .mobile-nav-row{min-height:48px}
  .mobile-submenu-toggle{margin-left:4px}
}
.article-toc summary{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}
.article-toc .toc-caret{width:17px;height:17px;color:var(--brand);transition:transform .16s ease}
.article-toc[open] .toc-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)}


/* ==========================================================
   v1.7.0 — UI/UX, Core Web Vitals and crawl/indexing hardening
   ========================================================== */
.brand-mark .brand-symbol{width:25px;height:25px;display:block}
.brand-name{display:block;line-height:1}
.brand-light .brand-mark{background:#0b909e;color:#fff}

/* Keep the sticky header compositor-cheap while preserving a stable height. */
.site-header{contain:layout style;isolation:isolate}
.header-main-row{contain:layout}
.header-search input{min-height:44px}
.header-search button{min-height:44px}
.desktop-nav-row{overflow:visible}
.desktop-nav-list{min-width:0;overflow:visible}
.desktop-nav-item{flex:none}
.all-topics-wrap{margin-left:auto}

/* Visible page purpose: no hidden homepage H1. */
.home-intro{max-width:860px;margin-bottom:26px}
.home-intro h1{font-size:clamp(28px,3.2vw,44px);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:6px 0 8px;text-wrap:balance}
.home-intro p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;max-width:68ch}

/* Reserve ad geometry when a slot exists to reduce layout shift. */
.ad-slot{min-height:90px;contain:layout paint;overflow:hidden}
.sidebar .ad-slot,.article-sidebar .ad-slot{min-height:250px}

/* Article legacy media becomes lazy at render time; CSS keeps media responsive. */
.article-body iframe,.article-body video,.article-body embed{display:block;max-width:100%;margin:28px auto}
.article-body iframe{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;height:auto;min-height:320px;border:0}
.article-body img[width][height]{height:auto}

/* More compact, predictable article rail that follows reading progress. */
@media(min-width:981px){
  .article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,900px) minmax(300px,318px);gap:24px;justify-content:center}
  .article-sidebar{position:sticky;top:126px;align-self:start;max-height:calc(100vh - 142px);overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-width:thin;padding-right:2px}
  .article-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar{width:5px}
  .article-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#cbd8db;border-radius:99px}
}

/* Taxonomy rail also follows the list on wide screens without widening the gap. */
@media(min-width:981px){
  .two-col{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 310px;gap:28px}
  .taxonomy-sidebar{position:sticky;top:126px;align-self:start}
}

/* Pagination uses the native ScienceInfo icon system, not arrow text glyphs. */
.pagination-direction{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:5px}
.pagination-prev-icon{transform:rotate(180deg);width:14px;height:14px}
.pagination-next-icon{width:14px;height:14px}

/* Reduce work on large archive pages below the fold. */
.story-row,.category-hub-card,.continue-card,.sidebar-card{contain:layout style paint}

@media(max-width:980px){
  .site-header{contain:none}
  .desktop-nav-list{overflow:visible}
  .article-sidebar{max-height:none;overflow:visible;padding-right:0}
  .home-intro{margin-bottom:20px}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
  .container{width:min(calc(100% - 28px),var(--max))}
  .home-intro h1{font-size:30px}
  .home-intro p{font-size:14.5px}
  .hero{padding-top:24px}
  .ad-slot{min-height:72px}
  .sidebar .ad-slot,.article-sidebar .ad-slot{min-height:180px}
  .article-body iframe{min-height:190px}
  .pagination-direction span{display:none}
}