Detect large clusters of galaxies

The Chandra X-ray Observatory of NASA and the Atacama Space Telescope (ACT) in Chile have discovered the largest ever rare cluster of galaxies deep in the universe.

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Officially called ACT-CL J0102-4915 , the researchers discovered that this cluster of galaxies gave it the nickname 'Giant' (Spanish for 'El Gordo' ). Named by the Chilean side, the name only describes an important feature of the galaxy cluster that is more than 7 billion light-years away from us. The distance is very far meaning that we are looking at this cluster of galaxies at a young age.

'This is the largest, hottest cluster of galaxies and the most X-ray (X-ray) emission ever discovered at this distance or more,' said Felipe Menanteau from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey state.

Galaxy clusters, the largest structure in the universe thanks to gravity, formed from the merging of smaller groups or galactic clusters. Since the formation process depends on the amount of dark matter and dark energy, galaxy clusters can be used to study this mysterious phenomenon.

According to inference, dark matter exists because of its gravitational effects, but it does not emit light and does not absorb enough light to detect it. Dark energy is a form of hypothetical energy, permeating in space and creating oppressive pressure to make the universe expand with increasing speed.

'Huge galaxy clusters like this are our search targets ,' also from Rutgers University, Jack Hughes said. 'We want to know with the most advanced cosmological models being applied, whether we can find out how these metaphysics form or not ".

Although the sword has a galaxy cluster with a size and distance like 'Giants' , but it seems that its formation can be understood according to the standard model Big Bang of cosmology. The model says that the universe consists mainly of dark matter and dark energy that formed 13.7 billion years ago in a Big Bang.

Thanks to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect , the team of scientists saw the 'Giant' with the ACT telescope. This is the phenomenon of photons (light quanta) on the cosmic microwave background interacting with electrons (hot electrons) in hot gases that cover all of these giant galaxy clusters. Photocons receive energy when this interaction distorts the microwave background signal towards galaxy clusters. The strain intensity depends on the density and temperature of the hot beams and the physical size of the galaxy cluster.

The gene-beam data obtained from the Chandra telescope and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), with an 8-meter-wide lens of the Southern European Observatory in Chile, shows that the 'Giant' is essentially a picture. The image of two clusters of galaxies is rushing at each other at several million miles per hour. This is another feature that makes the 'Giant' look more like the famous and closer galaxy cluster, Bullet, 4 billion light-years from Earth.

Just like the Bullet galaxy cluster, there are signs in the 'Giant' when ordinary matter, consisting mostly of hot gas emitting a gene-ray, is pulled out of dark matter. The collision calms the hot gas at each galaxy cluster, but dark matter heats up.

'This is the first time we have found a system similar to the Bullet galaxy cluster at such a long distance .' Cristobal Sifon from Pontificia University (PUC) in Santiago said 'Like the proverb: Want to know Where are you going to know where you are. '