For the first time, quantum computers have been proven to be more powerful than classical computers

Quantum Sumpremacy is a milestone in which quantum computers are capable of performing some tasks more efficiently than conventional computers.

For the first time in history, a group of international researchers have demonstrated that quantum computers have the computing power of overtaking on a conventional computer.

In the scientific report published in Science last week, scientists described in detail how they successfully designed a quantum circuit that could solve a problem that classical computers could not do.

Quantum electric circuits can solve a problem that classical computers cannot do.

"Our project shows that the quantum circuit is more robust than the classical circuit with the same structure," theorist Robert König works at the Technical University of Munich and is also the lead author of the study. On, tell Motherboard. "We do not claim that the above problem cannot be solved in a classical way. Completely solved, something needs more resources."

The team can achieve quantum advantages thanks to "nonlocality" (the most prominent aspect found in spatial isolation quantum systems). Thanks to its distinctness (isolation), it can be considered a unique computer system. The change in this system will cause another system to change, the same way the two particles are connected by quantum entanglement. Nonlocality and quantum entanglement are the two main concepts, most studied in quantum information science. There must be a quantum entanglement that can obtain nonlocality, but it is unclear how the relationship between these two things is.

In quantum computers, we have qubits as units, which are different from the bits in classical computers. Not only exists at two values ​​0 and 1, qubit can exist in superposition - superposition, exists at both values ​​0 and 1 at the same time. In theory, this makes the computing power of quantum computers superior.

When designing quantum circuits, researchers must calculate a balance between the amount of qubits interacting in the circuit and the amount of work done on that circuit - the "depth" of the circuit. Increasing the number of qubits - the deeper the circuit, the higher the processing capacity of the circuit.

But when one increases, the other will have to be reduced. A large qubit circuit will perform fewer tasks (because this circuit is "shallow" than usual). This makes the classic computer still the dominant player in the race between the two computers.

Large-scale quantum computers can surpass even the world's most powerful supercomputers.

A quantum circuit that does not come with error correction will perform very few tasks, gradually all the information that is saved and saved will disappear. The more qubits, the larger the capacity, the more errors will occur, and when the error occurs, the quantum computer will no longer perform many tasks.

In the case of the breakthrough study mentioned above, König and his colleagues designed a large quantum circuit consisting of many shallow circuits running in parallel, but can still be considered a large system due to the nonlocality of quantum. Shallow circuits can handle arithmetic problems after running a series of tasks to solve problems. They have the most stable depth, an ancient computer with a stable depth that cannot solve the math problem.

Large-scale quantum computers can outperform even the world's most powerful supercomputers, quantum entanglement and nonlocality will give them two steps to run before any supercomputer.

In theory, these advantages will allow quantum computers to calculate faster. It will decode with tremendous speed, far from classical computers.

One of the major obstacles of the industry is finding a milestone that confirms quantum computers outperform classical computers . There are certain algorithms that make quantum computers much stronger, but that doesn't mean that classical computers don't do that with current power. It is also possible that we have not found the right way, the right algorithm to unlock the power (endless?) Of quantum computers.

These shallow quantum circuits can act as test quantum computers, serving as a stepping stone for larger systems.

This is when complex theory shines, this is Robert König's research field. They focused on understanding the limits between classical computers and quantum computers. They made many predictions but never proved it. This time, they did it.

König and his associates considered their work a mathematical foundation for future quantum applications. Unlike extremely complex quantum algorithms, which can only be applied to giant quantum computer systems, these shallow quantum circuits can act as the way quantum computers test, as a stepping stone. for larger systems.

"Our project is evidence that quantum computers are better able to deal with classical computers, in specific problems. Knowing that, but when it comes to practical use, we want the machine system. My quantum problem solves problems that are not too complicated, appearing in other scientific fields. "