Why did the universe not collapse after the Big Bang?

According to the most accurate physical models today, the universe must surely collapse right after bulging from the Big Bang.

The problem lies in the Higgs boson, which was born during the universe began to expand and help explain why other particles have mass. Previous studies show that in the early universe, Higgs fields can fluctuate large enough to overcome energy barriers, bringing the universe from a standard vacuum to a negative energy vacuum. . This translation process can cause the universe to quickly collapse into its interior.

Physicist Matti Herranen at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and his colleagues took a step closer to explaining the problem. In the new study published Dec. 8 in Physical Review Letters, Herranen's team determined the interaction intensity of the Higgs field and the gravitational field, the final parameter missing in the standard model.

The universe swelled but did not collapse after the Big Bang.(Photo: NASA).

According to scientists, the stronger the Higgs field interacts with the gravitational field, the greater the oscillating energy, and may reach the threshold necessary for the transition to negative energy vacuum.

In the new study, scientists calculate the collapse of the universe after expansion only occurs when the intensity of interaction is greater than one.

Finding the limits for the intensity of interaction between the Higgs field and the gravitational field will help physicists analyze experimental data with greater accuracy. The universe's data on electromagnetic radiation and gravitational waves will continue to help narrow the scope of the intensity of interaction. When combined with other parameters, the intensity of the interaction between the Higgs field and the gravitational field will help researchers prove that the universe does not go into a collapsing state like current models.

"Our result is a close combination of parameters, allowing to determine if the transition state of the universe takes place, including the Higgs field interaction and the gravitational field, the energy scale from the process. The expansion of the universe, which the current measurements do not show , " Herranen said in Phys Org.

"So now we cannot make conclusions about whether the standard model is problematic, but it would be interesting if the interaction between the Higgs field and the gravitational field is as well as the scale of the universe. more accurately defined in the future by independent measurements, for example by observing the gravitational gravitational waves produced by the expansion of the universe.

These values ​​will help scientists adjust the physical model to describe the universe more accurately.