Black matter is not the cause of the collision in the universe?

The "Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558" nebula - a majestic and strange collision between two clusters of galaxies - is often thought to be the most typical proof of the existence of a dark matter in dance. cylinder. However, the latest research results by John Moffat (University of Waterloo, Canada) and Joel Brownstein at Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics (Ontario, Canada) have shown that the nature of this collision can be explained. only with ordinary matter, of course only if you are willing to accept their modified theory of attraction (Theory of Modified Gravity - MOG) - according to the research results that the group has just published this result in Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society .

Located three billion light-years away, the "Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558" is the result of a clash between nebulae that contains a small crowd that crosses the center of a larger cluster at 6 million miles a mile. hours. During this collision, the stars that cross each other caused minor effects on each other as the hot gas clouds in the middle were slowed down.

In order to be able to see how much physical mass makes the Bullet Cluster, scientists have investigated its " gravitational lens " properties when it bends the path of the transmitted light rays (effect The gravitational lens is understood to be the effect of light rays being deflected when transmitted through massive objects due to the force of gravity.

Figure 1. Bullet Cluster gas dust 1E0657-558 (Photo: astro.uio.no)

In 2006, astrophysicists found that the X-rays emitted from galaxies at great distances when traveling through the Bullet Cluster to Earth were bent more by a small galaxy at the edge. with the bending of a cloud of hot gas in the center, where the presence of ordinary light materials is present. And it suggests to scientists that there may be a physical component that has nothing to do with ordinary light substances, and makes many physicists think that this is a clear demonstration of the existence of black matter, or dark matter . Traditional gravitation theory once predicted that black matter can account for up to 95% of the gravitational mass of the entire universe (if it is assumed that the classical gravitation theory is completely correct).

However, Moffat and Brownstein introduced the theory of MOG (Extra Gravity Theory), which allows for a more natural explanation by eliminating the need to use mysterious dark matter. In essence, the MOG theory adds additional terms to the equation of Einstein's theory of general relativity , which allows the gravitational constant G to change in space and time. time. The researchers modeled the distribution of hot air using their MOG theory, and found that gravity could be much stronger when you moved from the center of the Bullet Cluster toward at the edge, and precisely explain why the gravitational lens effect is stronger on the outer edge.

Figure 2. Map of density distribution from X-ray data analysis and calculations
Moffat and Browstein's method in the recently published paper.

" While it is said that black matter dominates the whole system, in MOG theory, additional gravity causes strong measurable effects that are based only on the presence of ordinary light materials. " - Brownstein explained. The researchers used the previous MOG to explain the kinetics of hundreds of galaxies and nebulae. They also convinced that MGO could help explain the unusual apparent slowdown of the Pioneer probe launched in the 1970s, and even for dark energy - a form of Strange energy is attributed to the acceleration of the universe's expansion.

Of course there are also many scientists who are skeptical about this."I hardly agree with their conclusions," said Doug Clowe (Ohio University, USA), one of the most respected researchers who recorded the first data on the leaching effect. The attractive glass of Bullet Cluster tells Physicsworld.com. "The restoration of images of masses of gas does not match what is recovered from the dust. Their assertions mean that this difference can be explained by images from the galaxy. but in their article does not show this. "

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