Explain the causes of galaxies in the universe with bizarre shapes

The galaxy creates its shape through the formation of new stars at the center - not on the principle of 'merging' as we think. This finding may cause astronomers to reconsider galaxies' evolution in current theories.

In 1926, famous astronomer Edwin Hubble developed a morphological classification scheme for galaxies. Based on their shape, galaxies can be divided into three basic groups: elliptical, spiral and lens.

Since then, astronomers have spent a lot of time and effort trying to determine how galaxies have evolved over the past billions of years and have the same shapes now.

One of the most widely accepted theories so far is that the shape of the galaxy changes due to unification. The small clouds of stars combine together due to the influence of gravity - this changes the size and shape of a galaxy over time.

However, new research by an international team of scientists says: galaxies can create their current shape through the formation of new stars in the center.

This study is titled "The core of the stellar explosion in large galaxies with z = 2.5" was published recently in the Journal of Astrophysics. The study was led by Dr. Ken-ichi Tadaki, a researcher at Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and Japan's National Astronomical Observatory (NAOJ). The team observed remote galaxies to better understand the process of changing the galaxy's shape.

Evolutionary diagram of a galaxy.(Photo: NAOJ).

The team used telescopes on the ground to study 25 galaxies about 11 billion light-years from Earth. At this distance, the researchers saw the shape of the galaxy as 11 billion years ago, about 3 billion years after the Big Bang.

This early period coincides with the period of forming the foundation of a large number of galaxies in the universe.

Researcher Tadaki said in a press release by NAOJ: "Huge galaxies with ellipses are formed from the collision of disk-shaped galaxies. But we are not sure that all galaxies Elliptical are all formed in this way, there may still be another path ".

Capturing the weak light of galaxies far away from Earth is not easy, so the team used three telescopes on the ground to track them. They used NAOJ's Subaru telescope located in Hawaii to select 25 galaxies in the early period and observe.

They then followed them up with NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the most modern telescope today - Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA) located in Chile.

The ecosystem is responsible for capturing light from stars to look at the shape of galaxies (when they existed 11 billion years ago), while ALMA tracks waves below the millimeter emitted from cold clouds containing dust and gas, where new stars are forming.

By combining these two results together, the researchers completed a detailed report on the shape of galaxies 11 billion years ago and the change of galaxies over time.

The found results revealed many things. The image of the HST shows that the galaxies were initially suppressed by the central disk shape - as opposed to the central bulge feature that we see in spiral and lens galaxies. .

New discovery about the shape of the galaxy.(Photo: NASA).

Meanwhile, images from ALMA show that near the center of these galaxies there are huge gas and dust reservoirs. That coincides with the formation of stars with a high ratio in the area.

To eliminate the possibility of star formation created from the merger, the team used data from the very large Paranal Observatory telescope in Chile to check. They confirmed that there were no signs of massive mass collisions at the time.

Researcher Tadaki explains: "Here, we have evidence that: dense galactic cores can be created without galaxy collisions . They can also be formed. thanks to the formation of stars in the galaxy's 'heart'.

These findings may cause astronomers to reconsider galaxies' evolution in current theories. Models related to the evolution of the universe and our own galaxy history may also have to be questioned.

Even new research could force astronomers to rethink what happened in a few billion years, since the Milky Way collided with the Andromeda Galaxy.

As always, the more we studied the universe, the more we knew about it. Whenever new findings are inconsistent with speculation, expectations are obviously forced to modify our theory.