Little known things about the Nobel Prize

The final Nobel Prize in 2005 belonged to the field of literature awarded to the poet author - British writer Harold Pinter. But we know little about the secrets of the tournament as well as the founder of this prestigious award.

The ' father ' of the prize is the Swedish scientist Alfred Bernard Nobel (1833 - 1896) fluent in four languages ​​(English, French, German, Russian), extremely passionate about research and invention. He received 355 patents related to 150 inventions around explosives. He built 90 factories in 20 countries, set up 2 large unions of 60 companies. His inventions greatly contributed to the construction of roads, bridges, ports, canals, mountain tunnels or cross-sea tunnels, mining .

Nobel Fund and Nobel Prize

Nobel is very rich. He left 33.2 million Swedish kronor, equivalent to 160 million euros. When he died, he wished to set up a Nobel fund, which included nearly all of that money, which was converted into security stocks, which must be profitable.

This interest is divided into 5 equal parts, making 5 awards named Nobel for 5 characters (or more than 5) with the largest contribution in 5 areas: physics, chemistry, medicine (or birth) physics), literature and peace. Since 1969, the Nobel Economics has been born under the initiative of the Swedish Bank. Each prize is usually given to an individual or a group (no more than 3 people). 5 Nobel Prizes requested by Nobel were awarded in 1901.

Regulation award

Information related to the Nobel Prize review process must be kept confidential for 50 years. The term of the examiner is 4 years. Physics and chemistry Nobel was decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Medicine or physiology: The Nobel Committee of the Carolin Institute (founded in 1810). Literature: Swedish Academy. Peace: The Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament. Economics: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Rewards (for each prize)

A degree, a Nobel Medal, was made by Erik Lindberg in 1902: a Nobel portrait on a Natural and Scientific allegory, a sum of money (depending on the interest of the Nobel Fund). According to Nobel calculations, in the early years, each prize was equivalent to a 15-year salary of a university professor. In 1948, each prize was worth $ 32,000. In 1980, US $ 210,000. The late 1990s was 1 million USD. And this year is 1.36 million.

The things around the Nobel Prize

The anecdote said that Alfred Nobel, a lifelong celibate, refused to honor mathematicians, fearing that one day the prize would go to Gosta Magnus Mittag - Leffler, a Swedish mathematician, steal Sophie Hess's heart, his mistress.

To regain justice for a basic science, the highest award for Fields was born in 1936 in Toronto, Canada, at the initiative of Professor John Charles Fields. Fields award every 4 years, worth quite modest: 1,500 euros.

Has the Nobel Prize been accurate and fair? People may regret that in more than 700 Nobel laureates over the past 100 years, Freud, Proust or Gandhi are not present. Freud's influence is great not only in medicine and society but also in culture, especially in literature. Gandhi is five times in the Nobel Peace Prize but still doesn't win the prize. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity was published in 1905. But in 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for a less important project. Not to mention the giant Lev Tolstoi .