The 5th woman to win the Nobel Prize in History in history

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors American female scientist Frances H. Arnold on the evolutionary process and uses the principle of gene transformation and selection to develop proteins that help solve human chemical problems. .

Professor Frances H. Arnold (American) is the fifth woman in history to win the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She was the first scientist to make a directed evolution of enzymes and proteins that catalyze the reaction. chemistry in 1993. Enzyme created through oriented evolution is used to produce everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals.

Professor Frances H. Arnold.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three researchers Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith and Gregory P. Winter with evolutionary control, using change and selection. Genetic to develop proteins. Mrs. Arnold will be awarded half of the 9 million krona Sweden (about 1 million USD), while the two winners will share the other half.

Members of the Nobel Committee explain that scientists have "applied Darwin's principle in vitro". According to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the methods developed by the three scientists are now being studied globally to promote green chemistry, making new materials, producing fuels. sustainable biology, minimizing disease and saving lives of patients.

Ms. Frances H. Arnold was welcomed by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace.

Ms. Frances H. Arnold was awarded the prize for her research on enzymes in the direction of evolutionary direction. In 1993, Mrs. Arnord, working at the California Institute of Technology (USA), conducted the first directional evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are produced through oriented evolution that is used to create everything from biofuels to medicines.

"When I started changing proteins, I didn't know how difficult this work was. After many failed experiments, I realized I had to find a different approach to solving the problem. "My research has proven that it is possible to stabilize enzymes, change properties, make them more active. These are things no one knows how to do," said Professor Arnold.

Scientists won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.

Dr. George Smith (American) developed a method called phage display in 1985, in which microbial food can be used to evolve new proteins. Professor Gregory Winter (British) applied this method to orientate antibodies in order to produce new drugs. The first drug developed by the phage display method is adalimumab, used to treat rheumatism, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Today, the phase display creates antibodies that neutralize toxins, treat autoimmune diseases and metastatic cancer.

This year marks the 110th Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 109 previous Nobel Prize in Chemistry honored a total of 178 scientists since 1901, of which only 4 women (with two mother and children). Polish scientist Marie Curie won the prize in 1911 for the discovery of two chemical elements radium and polonium.

Scientist Irène Joliot-Curie (standing) with his mother - scientist Marie Curie.

The daughter of Marie Curie - scientist Irène Joliot-Curie - shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 with her husband, Frédéric with his work on artificial emission.

British female scientist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.

The British female scientist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was honored in 1964 with the work of determining the structural formula of bioactive substances using X-ray crystallography.

Mrs. Ada Yonath.

45 years later, another woman who won this award in 2009 was Ada Yonath. She is an Israeli crystallographer known for her work on the structure and function of ribosomes.