The important inventions of the Germans changed the world today

Although Germany was the country that caused the Second World War and many pains for humanity, Germany was also one of the countries that contributed significantly to human civilization with many important inventions.

Germany is one of the nations that produce many of the world's great talents and inventors. It is also the largest industrial country in Europe and is at the forefront of many areas such as medicine, aerospace and cars.

It is therefore not surprising that the country can produce many great inventions, serving the lives of people to this day. Here are some key inventions that the Germans have created.

Diesel engine

Rudolf Diesel was born in 1868 in Paris, France, and his parents were Bavarian-German. He spends most of his youth in France, England and Bavaria. After obtaining his engineering degree in 1880, Diesel returned to Paris, where he designed and built a modern ice and freezer factory.

At that time, ice was produced by steam engines. Although the power is quite strong, the steam engine is ineffective because 90% of the energy is wasted. That's why Diesel began to work on a fuel engine that offers higher thermal efficiency.

Diesel's goal is to create an internal combustion engine, capable of compressing high air based on the thermodynamic cycle. Experimenting with steam and ammonia vapor failed, Diesel finally found the solution when using diesel fuel and injecting it into the combustion chamber during the final stage of the compression period. Fuel is quickly burned by the high temperature and pressure of the compression process. The combustion process expands the air and pushes the piston to produce work.

In 1896, Diesel demonstrated an internal combustion engine with an efficiency of up to 75%. So far it has been through the whole century with many changes and refinements, but today's diesel engines are basically the same design as Diesel's 1896. Today diesel engines are used in many areas from agriculture, construction to transport.

Laboratory sterilization equipment (Bunsen Burner)

The device called Bunsen Burner is commonly used in laboratories to heat or disinfect items. In 1852, the University of Heidelberg hired a famous scientist Robert Bunsen as head of the chemistry department. In order to attract this scientist, the school promised to build a new chemical laboratory.

Like many European cities of the time, Heidelberg installed gas pipelines to light streets and houses. The lab designers then tried to utilize that gas stream for lighting and experiments.

When the laboratory began to be built, Bunsen and German instrument maker Peter Desaga began designing and manufacturing the prototype of a laboratory incinerator running with gas. By mixing the proportionally controlled air before burning, they created an incinerator that did not produce soot.

In 1857, Bunsen published an article describing this special incinerator design. So far the device has been applied in most laboratories around the world.

Electron microscope

One of the most important inventions of the 20th century, is the electron microscope. This device allows enlarging objects up to 10 million times and it has contributed to changing the way we see the world.

In 1931, German physicist Ernst Ruska and electrical engineer Max Knoll created the first electron microscope model. Earlier, the original prototype could not be as large as an optical microscope, but in the late 1930s, Ruska and Knoll improved the device.

Electron microscopes use electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses to produce images by controlling electron beams directed at a target object. Thus glass allows viewers to observe small objects like an atom.

The development of electron microscopy was halted due to the outbreak of World War II. In the post-war era, scientists from all over the world began to research and improve the design of the electron microscope model of two German scientists. Currently electron microscopy can detect the electronic emission of the target, thereby helping scientists see more objects than the original design of Ruska and Knoll.

Lens

The path of birth and development of contact lenses can be placed directly on the eyes to adjust the vision of people who have gone through a long process. In the "Codex of The Eye, Manual D" of Italian genius Leonardo da Vinci wrote in 1508, he came up with the theory that the cornea's power could change if someone attached a glass hemisphere. filled with water on the eyes.

In 1636, French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes proposed to place directly on the cornea a glass tube to adjust the vision. Unfortunately, his idea could not be achieved because the person who attached it could not blink.

Based on Descartes's research, British doctor Thomas Young created a glass lens filled with water and placed directly on the wearer's cornea. Even so, it is still not a good idea. It wasn't until 1888 that really new contact lenses were born.

German optician Adlof Gaston Eugen Fick used an inflated glass block and shaped a curve under the eyeball. It is then tested on less sensitive tissues around the cornea. At first, Fick only experimented on rabbits. He then switched to a clinical trial on volunteers.

Although Fick's contact lens prototype could not be worn for many hours, it contributed to the wearer's vision correction. So far, contact lenses are getting better, thinner and more important, which is not irritating to the human eye.

Recorder

Magnetic tape is one of the most important inventions created by the Germans. The tape is the creative result of a German / American inventor named Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 based on a roll of paper tape coated with iron oxide powder (Fe2O3). This result is based on many previous findings about the ability to record strings from Oberlin Smith in 1888 and Valdemar Poulsen in 1898.

Then German electronics company BASF developed and produced tape recorders. The first practical tape recorder called Magnetophon K1 was born in the 1935s.

Magnetic tape is a means to record content in magnetic form. It is made by coating a thin layer of magnetism on a long, narrow plastic strip. Audio and video recording and playback devices from a magnetic tape are collectively referred to as tape recorders. A computer data storage device on a magnetic tape is a tape drive.

Magnetic tape has revolutionized recording and television broadcasting. It allows the radio to broadcast live, record the lead that day and play back later easily. It also allows recording into many different versions and then, mixing, editing and changing the quality at will.

However, other storage technologies have gradually replaced tape.

MP3 format

MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Layer III and is a file format and audio compression standard. Accordingly, the music files are broken down by a factor of 12 and the sound quality can be slightly reduced.

The initial capacity of MP3 is much smaller than the original data due to removing unnecessary audio parts in the human hearing range. This compression standard is the same as the JPEG image format.

MPEG and short for Motion Pictures Expert Group, a group of audio and video standards issued by the Industry Standards Association (ISO). The first standard MPEG-1 appeared in 1992 and had low bandwidth. Then MPEG-2 has high bandwidth and this compression standard is good enough to compress content on DVD.

However, with MPEG Audio Layer III, this is simply an audio-related compression standard.

In April 1989, the Fraunhofer Institute of Germany received a patent for MP3 compression developed by the Germans themselves. Then in 1992, it was integrated into MPEG-1. By November 1996, MP3 was licensed in the US and in 1998, Fraunhofer began to profit from selling patent licenses to developers of MP3 encoders and decoders.

By the early 1990s, Fraunhofer had tried to build an MP3 player but until the end of 1990 when MP3 was integrated into the Windows operating system and supported decoding via the Winamp music application, it really became globally popular as an important audio compression standard.