The mystery of ancient Roman masterpieces makes modern Europe

Roman architecture, along with Greek architecture, has created 'standards' that the next life continues to use for a long time, as Marx wrote: ' There are no ancient Greeks and Romans, there will be no Europeans present. in'.

 

Colisée Arena in Rome started in 72 AD (in the reigns of Vespasien and Tittus), is a physical work but fully reflects the spiritual life of the ancient Romans. The work has an elliptical shape with a circumference of 527m, divided into four symmetrical parts by two long and short axes, the long axis is sized 188m, short axis is 156m in size.

The work has an elliptical shape with a circumference of 527m.

Colisée's elliptical coliseum was gradually raised, organized in the form of an Amphitheater slope and contained 50,000 people including 45,000 seats and 500 seats. The first audience was 5 meters taller than the stadium to ensure safety for viewers, while the final audience had a height of 5 stories. The number of seats running from the bottom to the top has up to 60 rows, divided into 5 areas in height, separately escaping people into their exits and stairs. The whole building has 80 such exits, while the King has a private entrance attached to the underground road, ensuring a short path between the honor seat in the stands with the Royal Palace. Under the stands there are space systems for resting and running around three floors.

The form of the Colisée arena is faithfully reflected on the façade, the whole building is 48m high, only 3 floors use the stone rolling structure, from the bottom up to use the column of Dichrich, Ionic and Coranh, changing from heavy to light, then another fourth floor uses the main solid array, occasionally making small windows and decorating the flags to match the atmosphere of the festival.

The building has a majestic style thanks to its large size and exaggerated look of the arches from the floors. Architectural details are also noticed to create a dramatic atmosphere in the arena. The inner field is a rectangle of 86x64m.

Colisée Arena has a complete structural system, the column wall system runs around the facade of the building to create 80 stone arches along with a fanless horizontal wall system - 80 pieces - to support all the stands and floor of the building. Not only is the system of rational structure but also the selection of materials has shown that the ancient Romans mastered some important construction techniques. The form of structure on the outside of the arena used two very successful rolling and pillar elements.

Although the Colisée arena is no longer intact, a part has been lost, but its position and significance for Rome are not reversed.

 

"Temple of all gods" was built in 120 - 124 after Sun under the reign of Hadrian. The form and scale of the temple goes beyond all the temples that existed before.

The Pantheon Temple deserves the pinnacle of technical thinking in ancient Rome.

The building has a main round shape, a hemispherical roof with a light stone. Roof diameter 43.2m, exactly the height of the building. The magnitude of this hemisphere exceeds all kinds of dome of buildings that were built before and then nearly 20 centuries (until the nineteenth century). The walls are very thick (6.3m) with many cavities and arches in the lower part, but when they are high, they become thinner.

From the bottom of the dome down the house is divided into 2 floors. 13m high floor uses the column of Corinth formula. The upper floor is 8.7m high, only using bouncing walls made of marble. These bouncing walls make one with 5 rows of flags carved out of the ceiling (called millet) to create a gentle and relaxed feeling. The roof dome is finished with a circular hole of 8.92m in diameter - a lighting solution that impresses people in a high space. Unlike the usual Greek-Roman temple (just a place for worshiping), Parthenon temple with 1500m2 of floor has an entrance depth of 14m with 16 round columns with a diameter of 1.5m, a height of 14m, and a sloping roof on two side. Two circular slopes on either side of the hall set the statue of the Emperor and the statue of Marcus Agrippa - the architect, engineer and engineer of the Emperor - friend of the Emperor. One more impressive thing is the 120m-long temple front yard, surrounded by columns and veranda. With a group of people from far away coming in, this porch initially obscured the massive building inside. Only after passing through the gate column, the temple suddenly appeared.

With concrete, bricks and tiles, with clever and precise calculations, the Pantheon deserves the pinnacle of technical thinking in ancient Rome.

Bath house Caracalla

The bath Caracalla is the size of a small city.

At the time of Caracalla, public bath houses were inseparable from Roman cities for at least three centuries. The main feature of the bath was originally a dressing room and a shared hot tub in a sauna, passing through a warm sauna. Some also include a sauna room like a sauna and a cold bathroom with a deep pool. The bathrooms have family size, dim lighting, simple decoration, reflecting convenient functions, providing sanitary facilities for city residents.

Outwardly performing the same function, but the number of bathrooms built by the emperors in Rome is in fact very different. The largest of these bath houses - like the Caracalla bath - is the size of a small city, the vast bathroom blocks are designed in a circle of gardens, surrounded by a reading room and a hall. lectures, art galleries and sports runways.

The bath service also has a large scale, with Olympic-sized swimming pools and frigidaria areas with many long caves, there are huge windows with glass for lighting. Everywhere, the walls and walls emit a faint ray of precious marble everywhere, glass mosaics in walls and arches reflect excess water. Many statues look at those bathing, like the giant statue symbolizing the god Aesclepius, the goddess of healing for the Romans, up to 4 meters tall, with many gilded parts everywhere in the Caracalla baths .

Surrounded by these magnificent statues, the Roman civilians could not help but be impressed by the overwhelming authority and divine status of the emperors who placed their baths with their names.

Today the bare ruins of the Caracalla Bath are best preserved among pedestrian baths. This is one of the largest single-scale construction projects undertaken by Rome emperors.

Basilica Maxentius

This is an integrated project that is both a trading place and a meeting hall and a venue.

Basilica is a special type of public works, large scale and area of ​​ancient Rome, is an integrated architecture that is both a place of transaction and a meeting hall and a venue . The form of architecture usually takes the form of a double-headed rectangle or a half-shaped shape (Apse).

Basilica Maxentius was built by King Maxentius, later completed by King Constantin by adding a side hall. Basilica Maxentius is famous for its size, stature, rolling techniques, dome and decorative arts.

The length of the Basilica consists of three steps, the whole 100 meters long, the width consists of three spans, totaling 76m wide. Building such a size project requires high technology, the size of the roll is half round of each construction step with a width of 20.3m, height of 24.3m. Height to the roof top is 36.58m.

The water bridge of Pont du Gard

This is the tallest water bridge among buildings similar to the Roman period.

The Pont du Gard is built of stone across the Gardon River consisting of 3 floors with a length of 275 meters and a maximum height of 49 meters. This is the tallest water bridge among buildings similar to the Roman period. The three floors of the Pont du Gard have dimensions in turn:

1. Bottom layer: Includes 6 spans, 142.35 meters long, 6.36 meters wide, 21.87 meters high.
2. Middle floor: Including 11 spans, 242.55 meters long, 4.56 meters wide, 19.50 meters high.
3. Upper floor: Includes 35 spans, 275 meters long, 3.06 meters wide, 7.40 meters high.

The opening of the first two spans is similar because the span of these two floors is overlapped. The aperture of the spans varies from 24.52 meters for the spans across the river and 19.50 meters for the remaining spans. The narrowest spans have an opening of 15.50 meters. The spans of the top floor have a constant opening of 4.80 meters. The first two floors and pillars of the third floor are constructed of the same half-meter-thick, 2-meter-long stone brick and weigh up to 6 tons. These stones are precisely matched by touching them directly at the graft. The aqueduct was 1.20 meters wide, 1.85 meters high, built from 0.85 meters thick stone slabs. This system is surrounded by stone slabs of 0.35 meters thick, 1 meter wide and 3.65 meters long.

Forum Trajan

The square system of the ancient Roman Forum (city square), originally a public activity center used for many activities: meetings, rally parades, imprisonment . sometimes at the Forum There is also a market and a battle field.

This is the place where meetings, marches and imprisonment take place . sometimes at the Forum there is a market and a arena.

Among the largest, most majestic, most impressive Forum, the last Forum of the Roman dynasties, Forum Trajan, by King Trajan (98-1117 after CN), was built.

To build the Forum Trajan, people flattened a small hill between the hills of Capitole and Quirinal. The main entrance, from Forum Auguste in the south is a triumphal arch, followed by a square of 120-90m marble size, two sides with a row of columns and two halves of a diameter of 45m to create into horizontal axis, In the middle of the square, the intersection between vertical and horizontal axis, set the Trajan statue. Next is a massive and gorgeous Basilica measuring 120-60m.

The two right and left sides have two Latin and Greek libraries, which contribute to the formation of a large, small, high and low whole, which impresses.

Rome was once the most attractive architectural center of ancient times, and therefore, literally and figuratively, there is the maxim: 'Every path leads to Rome.'

Roman architecture, along with Greek architecture, created 'standards' that the next life continues to use for a long time, as Marx wrote: ' There are no ancient Greeks and Romans, there will be no continents. Current Europe '.