The universe mystery challenges the scientific world

The vast universe with mysterious bodies has so far contained many difficult questions to answer, making the scientific community hard to find the answer.

The cosmic mysteries make scientists shy

1. Why is it called dark energy?

In the 1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe was not static but was expanding. In 1998, the Hubble Space Telescope named after him studied distant supernovae and discovered that the universe was expanding at a faster rate than before.

This groundbreaking discovery confuses the scientific community, because it was previously believed that the gravity of matter would gradually slow down the expansion of the universe, or even shrink. Explanations of the rapid expansion of the universe lead to a strange concept and heated debate, which is dark energy . This is considered a mysterious force that is pulling the universe to expand at an unprecedented speed.

Dark energy accounts for 73% of the universe, and the kind of force it creates is still a big mystery yet to be defined.'Dark energy may never reveal its nature. But scientists remain optimistic that they can identify the source of this energy source, " said Andrian Cho, secretary of the journal Science.

2. What is the role of dark matter?

In the 1960s and 1970s, astronomers hypothesized that the volume of the universe was larger than what could be observed.Vera Rubin , an astronomer at the Carnegie Research Institute in Washington (USA), studied the speed of stars at various locations in the galaxy.

She found that there was almost no difference in the speed of stars in the center of the galaxy with stars far away from the center. These results seem to be contrary to Newton's theory , that the stars at the edge of the galaxy move more slowly.

Astronomers believe that the cause of this peculiar phenomenon is dark matter . Although dark matter cannot be seen, but it takes up volume, the researchers deduce its presence based on the gravitational force it creates for ordinary objects.

Dark matter accounts for about 23% of the cosmic volume, and only 4% of the universe is made up of ordinary matter, including stars, planets and humans.

Astronomers until now still do not know what dark matter really is.

The natural vibrant colors of the Milky Way Galaxy Hubs are captured.(Source: NASA)

3. Where are the baryons missing 'running'?

Dark energy and dark matter account for about 95% of the universe, ordinary matter accounts for 5%. But more than half of ordinary matter has yet to be determined.

Scientists call these unidentified but tangible materials baryon matter . It consists of particles such as protons and electrons, forming most of the visible material in the universe.

'Astronomers count baryons since the new universe was formed so far, and find that the number of baryons mysteriously decreases, as if they disappear at a steady rate over time ,' 'said Yudhijit Bhattacharjee Secretary of the journal Science, writes.

According to Bhattacharjee, astrophysicists argue that missing baryons can exist between galaxies. Determining the missing baryons in the universe remains a priority task of astronomy, as answering this question will help scientists understand the structure of the universe and the galaxies evolving over time. how.

4. How to explode?

When a huge star loses fuel and dies, it creates a big explosion called a supernova, brighter than the galaxy.

For many years, scientists have studied supernovae and recreated them on complex computer models, but how such massive explosions still persist open.

5. What makes the universe re-ionized?

A well-accepted theory about the origin and evolution of the universe is the Big Bang model . That model says the universe was initially extremely hot and dense in the period about 13.6 billion years ago.

A period of active activity in the history of the universe, about 13 billion years ago, is called the period of re-ionization . During this period, the hydrogen gas fog in the universe became clear when there was ultraviolet light.

About 400,000 years after the Big Bang, protons and electrons cooled to such an extent that they were attracted to each other in neutral hydrogen atoms. Suddenly, previous photons scattered around electrons could move freely in the universe. The expansion of the universe spread enough protons and electrons to keep new energy sources from coming together. This kind of 'soup' is so diluted that most photons can move without obstruction. As a result, most of the universe's material becomes an ionized plasma that emits light as it is today.

6. What is the origin of energy-rich cosmic rays?

The origin of cosmic rays has long been a headache for astronomers after a century of investigating the origin of energy particles.

Cosmic rays are loaded with particles at a lower level than atoms - mainly protons, electrons and nuclei that carry the energy of basic elements - moving into our solar system from the outside. Meanwhile, their paths are bent by the magnetic fields of the earth and the sun.

The strongest cosmic rays have 100 million times more energy than the particles created by explosions due to human intervention. However, the origin of these exotic particles has not been elucidated.

7. Why is the solar system so strange?

When astronomers and space observers discovered alien planets orbiting stars, they learned that our solar system has many strange properties.

For example, though extremely different, the four inner planets of the solar system all have an outer shell made of metal and core made of metal. The 4 outer planets of the solar system are completely different. Scientists have studied the process of planet formation in the hope of explaining the formation of the solar system , but they still do not have a satisfactory answer.

8. Why is the halo of the sun hot?

The extremely hot outermost atmosphere of the sun is called the sun's aura. The temperature there is up to 500,000 - 6 million degrees C.

Astronomers believe that the cause may be because the energy source below the surface can be observed, and due to processes occurring in the sun's magnetic field. But the specific thermogenesis mechanism of the halo around the sun has not been fully explained.

9. Moon illusion

The illusion of the Moon has been recorded since ancient times. This phenomenon occurs when the moon appears very low and large in the sky.

In the past, many people believed that this was due to the influence of air, or physical influence. However, these explanations were quickly rejected. Until now scientists have not been able to explain the phenomenon.

10. The "boo" from the universe

Scientists are trying to study newly formed stars , but in 2006, they encountered a problem: these mysterious noises appear in their studies.

A heated debate about the cause of this noise broke out.

Because the sound cannot be transmitted in the air, only radio waves can do that, so scientists are very confused about the origin of these radio waves.

These noises are six times larger than the usual sounds, and scientists have also proven that this sound does not belong to any kind of radio waves we have ever known.