10 outstanding achievements since people fly into space

Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly into space during a historic journey on April 12, 1961. After this event, the human race to conquer the universe has achieved many important milestones.

Outstanding achievements of space science

1. The first woman to fly into space

Astronaut Valentina Tereshkova is one of three Russian women who ever flew into space.(Photo: historyofrussia.org).

The first woman to enter the universe in history was Valentina Tereshkova , a Soviet astronaut at the time. On June 16, 1963, Vostok-6 spacecraft with Tereshkova left Earth and flew around orbit for three days.

Sergey Korolyov, the director of the Soviet spacecraft design, came up with the idea of ​​recruiting female astronauts and intends to bring the two in the mission Vostok-5 and Vostok-6. However, the plan changed with bringing a male astronaut to follow Vostok-5. The next person to choose is Tereshkova.

Sally Ride became the first American woman to fly into space in the space shuttle mission STS-7 on June 18, 1983.

2. The first American to fly into space

Less than a month after Yuri Gagarin flew into space and started the era of universal conquest of humanity, the US Space Agency (NASA) made Alan Shephard astronaut perform the same mission on the day. May 5, 1961.Alan Shephard completed the mission with the Freedom 7 ship.

Along with Freedom 7, Shephard made a 15-minute flight. The spacecraft brought him to a height of 185 km before falling into the Atlantic Ocean, about 480 km from the launch base in Cape Canaveral, Florida.

3. Space shuttle

"Retired" Atlantis space shuttle leaves the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral in 2012. (Photo: Reuters)

America launched the first reusable spacecraft, or space shuttle, on April 12 , 1981 , exactly 20 years after Gagarin's flight. The ship is capable of carrying various loads to Earth's low orbit, transporting crews, repairing satellites or delivering goods to the International Space Station (ISS). Each shuttle can perform 100 launches or operations for about 10 years.

On November 15 , 1988 , the Soviet Union launched the first reusable spacecraft , or non-Buran space shuttle.

4. Soyuz train

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program from the 1960s and still works today. The ship was launched from a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and reliable launch vehicle in the world today, from Baikonur base in Kazakhstan.

The convoy is used to transport astronauts to ISS and return to Earth.

5. International Space Station

International Space Station (ISS) viewed from the shuttle Endeavor.(Photo: Reuters)

ISS is the first component of a live artificial satellite placed in the low Earth's orbit . It was launched in 1998 and is currently the largest artificial structure in orbit. ISS is a laboratory in a space environment, allowing people to perform biological, physical, astronomical, and other field experiments, as well as inspecting spacecraft equipment for missions on the Face. Moon and Mars.

ISS is the 9th surviving spacecraft , after Salyut, Almaz and Mir of the Soviet Union and later Russia, or Skylab of the United States. The space station has lived for 14 consecutive years, since Expedition 1's journey in January 2000.

6. The first space station

The Soviet Union was at the forefront of the race to build the first space station named Salyut1, which was launched on April 19 , 1971 . The station is monolithic and controlled by a crew. It has a length of 20 m and a diameter of 4 m.

7. The first space walk

Alexey Leonov became the first person to take an outer walk on March 18, 1965. He left the Voshhod 2 spacecraft for 12 minutes and was connected with a 5.35 m long seat belt.

At the end of the journey, Leonov's outfit bulged, making it almost impossible to return to the cabin. He was forced to release the air pressure in the suit, squeezing his body through the one-meter-wide door. To complete this mission, Leonov underwent an 18-month training course.

8. Set foot on the Moon

On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 spacecraft left the globe to perform the first human moon landing . Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin 's discovery journey is considered one of the world's great historical missions.

The first to set foot on an outer celestial body, astronaut Neil Armstrong once famously said: "This is a small step of a human being, but a leap of humanity."

Armstrong and Aldrin are on the Moon's surface for about two and a half hours, collecting specimens and taking pictures before returning to Earth.

Before returning to Earth, Armstrong and Aldrin recorded the evidence that marked the presence of humans on the Moon with an American flag.(Photo: NASA)

9. Disaster

Apollo 13 is the seventh mission of the American Apollo space program, and the third to set foot on the Moon. The spacecraft was launched on April 11, 1970 from the Kennedy Center, Florida. However, the landing on the surface of the Moon was not possible when oxygen tanks exploded, paralyzed the control module, lack of water and heat loss in the cabin.

Three astronauts James Lovell, John Swigert and Fred Haise survived by escaping the Moon module and returning to Earth with the main spacecraft.

10. The longest solo flight

Astronaut Valery Bykovsky was the one who set the record for the longest flight in orbit with a five-day period , during the Vostok-5 mission in 1963. Many other crews with a larger number of members than ever crossed the world This flight limit, but this is the longest time for an astronaut's flight.

Bykovsky has a flight with Valentina Tereshkova. Two spacecraft fly two parallel orbits, at a point about 5 km apart but do not meet.