10 world medicine breakthroughs in 2018

Every year, researchers still quietly invent many new advances for medicine. Here are 10 major medical breakthroughs that completely changed the face of medicine in 2018, according to Thisisinsider.

"Vaccine" removes tumors in mice. In January 2018, researchers at Stanford University reportedly found cancer patients to perform clinical trials of cancer vaccines after they successfully removed the tumor in mice. The team of researchers found that injecting "a small amount of two immune stimulants directly into a solid tumor in mice can eliminate all traces of cancer in animals, including metastatic cancer." Specifically, the researchers conducted tests on 90 mice and 87 of them were cured of cancer. With the remaining 3 mice, although the cancer recurred, the tumors regressed after the second treatment. "I believe this vaccine can cure all types of cancer, as long as it can enter the body's immune system , " Ronald Levy, MD, professor of cancer research and is the main author of the study said.

In April 2018, Hamon, 43, the first Frenchman was successfully transplanted for the second time in the world.This man has type 1 neuropathy, a type of genetic disorder that causes benign, deformed tumors on his face.Hamon has undergone a face transplant in 2010 but in 2016 his body appeared to have a transplant.He lived for two months without being present and was later given a second face transplant by French surgeons under the supervision of Laurent Lantieri, the first Hamon transplant surgeon.The surgery was successful and gave Hamon a new face.

Vascepa was found to have a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk by up to 25%. Although the drug has only one active ingredient, ethyl icosapent has been licensed by the FDA in 2015 to treat people with high blood fat levels , by 2018, the use of this drug in treatment New cardiovascular is officially recognized. "This is really the most important study in the area of ​​cardiovascular risk reduction , " said Dr. Matthew Budoff, a cardiologist at UCLA.


Researchers have found injections that can prevent migraines . The disease is often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine affects about 39 million Americans, but treatment for depression is nearly impossible. In May 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Aimovig, a preventive treatment for migraine, which is done once a month through injection. This is the first recognized drug that works by blocking the activity of peptide-related calcitonin, a molecule that is involved in migraine attacks. Aimovig's effectiveness in the treatment of migraine prophylaxis is highly appreciated in three clinical trials and has been shown to reduce the patient's migraine frequency.


New studies on fertility control . In March, researchers at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington announced a successful trial of male birth control pills dimethandrolone undecanoate or DMAU. Drugs work similar to oral contraceptives for women by combining male hormones such as testosterone and proestin. Once daily dose, not for patients with HDL cholesterol. The mechanism of action of this drug is to prevent sperm production and reduce testosterone production. However, this is not the only breakthrough. In December, Gizmodo reported that scientists have begun a large clinical trial to test the control of male fertility by gel. Gel, applied to the back and shoulders once a day, contains a combination of proestin and testosterone compounds absorbed through the skin. This is a big step in health. Some also argue that these methods are more convenient than current birth control methods for women.


Ketamine , the popular drug of the 60s, can help treat depression. In May 2018, Johnson's Johnson, one of the pharmaceutical companies specializing in antidepressants, presented a number of promising new studies. Their version of ketamine is a nasal spray made of a compound called esketamine, a chemical mirror image of ketamine. In the clinical trial of the drug, the researchers conducted 236 adults who were depressed with traditional antidepressants for four weeks, along with nasal sprays of esketamine. Half use sprays, the other half uses traditional medicine. After 28 days, the results showed that people using sprays actually had significant improvements in their depressive symptoms compared to those taking traditional medicines.


Smart contact lenses can monitor blood sugar in people with diabetes to reduce inconvenience for patients, research at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology in Korea. New contact lenses have the ability to detect glucose levels in diabetics. According to the press release, smart lenses are integrated with transparent, malleable electronic devices, using tears to monitor glucose levels . "These smart contact lenses are made of transparent nanomaterials, so don't interfere with the wearer's vision , " said Jihun Park, the first author of the invention. "Besides, because the system uses wireless antennas to read sensor information, there is no separate power source so smart contact lens sensors work on batteries . " So far, lenses have only been tested in live rabbits, not yet tested in humans.


PARP inhibitors are a breakthrough in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer, used by 20,000 patients worldwide. PARP, polybo ADP ribose polymerase, is a protein found in cells that helps damaged DNA cells repair themselves. This is a new drug that can help treat and prevent the progression of breast and ovarian cancer, perform recovery functions, restructure cancer cells and dead cells. In October, another drug, Lynparza, was also reported to be able to significantly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. A clinical trial showed that when combined with chemotherapy, Lynparza prevented or reversed tumor growth in 60% of patients after three years of testing, in contrast to 27% of chemotherapy only. . The drug is indicated for use in patients with ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer.


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a breakthrough for stroke patients used by Cleveland Clinic researchers. Andre Machado, MD, Ph. D. and Kenneth Baker, Ph. D. tested DBS on a 59-year-old woman with hemiplegia after an ischemic stroke. Five months after she had a DBS electrode that was surgically implanted in the cerebellum, the researchers found that the motor function of this woman improved significantly. In May 2018, the team was awarded $ 2 million from the National Institutes of Health to further investigate the benefits of DBS in stroke patients. "If this study is successful, it will bring new hope for patients with stroke and paralysis , " Machado said. "It is an opportunity to allow paralyzed patients to recover their motor function."

December 4, the first time Since 2014, grafting of the uterus has been successfully conducted, but this is the first case that doctors carried out a transplant from the donor's uterus. lifeThe success of transplants opens a new door for people who cannot get pregnant due to uterine factors.