Antarctic Expedition - Story 100 years ago

100 years ago, on December 14, 1911, the Norwegian expedition led by Roald Amundsen crossed the mist, cold with the cold wind and plugged the Norwegian flag onto Antarctica. Meanwhile, another British expedition team led by Robert Falcon Scott has permanently fallen with the ice.

Story 100 years ago

Amundsen and Scott, both aspiring to win this race. However, each person has a different approach, and this is what determines their success or failure.

Seriously and methodically, Amundsen carefully studied previous documents and notes and combined his personal experiences to devise a thoughtful plan for the planet's coldest continent trip. The use of sled dogs is one of the factors that bring success to the Amundsen expedition.

In 'The South Pole' , Amundsen said he needed to conquer Antarctica to fund his Arctic trip.

On Scott's expedition, they used sledges with horses and motorized snowmobiles. On the journey, they also made some polar geological expeditions. On October 24, 1911, Scott's group started heading towards Antarctica. However, they could not expect that their plan would fail, using a horse instead of a dog was a serious mistake, the horse died and the engine broke down due to inclement weather.

When the Amundsen group completed a 2,000-mile trip and rested at Whale bay, British explorers arrived in Antarctica on January 17, 1912, five weeks behind your team. They were officially defeated.

In his diary, Scott wrote when he saw the Norwegian flag that was there: 'God! This is a terrible place, we have to go through so many bad things without any results'.

Photograph of Amundsen's expedition on the Norwegian flag
after their successful trip to Antarctica 100 years ago.

Scott expedition's desire to conquer South Pole completely failed. They no longer have enough food and power on their return journey. A nine-day blizzard killed Scott and his team members at the end of March. However, Scott is still mentioned as a brave hero who sacrificed his life for exploring the lands. new.

And later scientific discoveries

Celebrating 100 years of conquering Antarctica, historian Edward J. Larson from Pepperdine University has published the book 'An Empire of Ice: Scott, Shackleton and the heroic era of science of Antarctica'. '. Accordingly, Larson said that for science, it is not important who has reached the Antarctic first, but who has done the best on-the-spot research along the way. And according to this measure, Scott is the winner.

Thanks to Scott's expedition and his rival, Ernest Shackleton, measurements of glaciers as well as coastal and inland mapping were conducted.

From the seabed sediments and the process of rising to the surface, they realized that Antarctica was the real continent, there was a large area beneath the thick ice (as opposed to the Arctic, where a region The wide sea is covered with thinner ice).

Advances in aviation, icebreakers and many other technologies after World War II have opened up a wider, more sustainable path for scientific research on Antarctica.

Now, along the Antarctic land, many large-scale international laboratories serve a variety of discoveries in astrophysics and climate, geophysics and oceanography.

In the near future, the National Academy of Sciences will publish a study entitled 'Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and Indonesia'. The main recommendation of the report focuses on the continent's role in global climate change.

'We are very aware of the importance of polarity in the last few years for signs of global scale change , ' said Raymond S. Bradley, director of the Center for Climate System Research at Dai. In Massachusetts, Amherst said.

'These regions are particularly sensitive to the rise of temperature, which in turn leads to melting of ice in the sea and glaciers. The retreat tape makes the earth reflect less sunlight, is proportional to the process of warming and increasing negative changes in the ocean and atmosphere , 'added Bradley.

Professor Robin E. Bell at Columbia University also affirmed: 'Antarctica holds an extremely important position to provide insight into the global climate system and create models that help predict future changes. hybrid '.

Besides, with the introduction of satellite imagery in the 1970s, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have collected a lot of data calling for world attention to this continent.'Glaciers have begun to flow faster, bringing more ice into the ocean and will likely increase sea levels in the next century , ' warned Scott Borg, director of the NSF Antarctic science department.

Earlier, on the 'International Polar Year' , 2007-2009, a group of scientists from seven countries investigated the mysteries of the Gamburtsev mountain range hidden under the giant ice of eastern Antarctica. .

In a report last month, the team concluded that it was what remained after a collision of continents a billion years ago.

In biology, experts noted that Antarctic seals, whales and penguins have developed a number of physiological functions to adapt to extreme environments, and this could be The key to preventing many diseases such as heart attack, stroke.

Most recently, for research purposes, China is developing a scale observatory in an area 700 miles east of Antarctica. They hope this will be an effective astronomical research tool in this coldest part of the earth.