Athèna Temple and Acropole architectural complex

Acropole is the name of the complex of temples, walls, built on high hills, used for ritual or religious purposes. When we use the word Acropole with the uppercase A, it means Acropole in Athènes 70 meters high, around 300x130 meters, built in the V century. CN

Complex of temples and walls of Acropole

Temple of Athèna

Goddess Athèna

Goddess Athèna, a famous deity in ancient Greek legends, is the protector of the ancient Greek capital (now the city of Athens, the capital of Greece). People built an amazing architectural complex to worship the Goddess Athèna on a hill called Acropole. Acropole architecture consists of Parthenon temple, Erechtheion temple, Propylées gate, Niké temple and Statue of Athene.

Greek artists have devoted all their hearts to worship Goddess Athene with masterpieces of architecture and sculpture. Parthénon Temple is listed as one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World. The architectural author is the architects Ichtinos and Calicrates, who designed and directed the construction of the temple from 447 to 438 years. The sculpture part was completed by artist Phidias in 431 BC. The temple is made of marble according to the most powerful and dignified system of columnar column, which has become the standard of the ancient Western architecture. The Erechtheion Temple is also a masterpiece of Greek architecture but according to the Ionicic column system, the author of architect Phioclex introduced a unique form of column that is a female figure called Caratite. The statue of six graceful beautiful girls with soft folds takes the place of stone columns to support the beams. Cariatite column from here is popular in Western classical architecture!

Erechtheion Temple

The Erechtheion Temple is dedicated to the worship of the two Gods Athèna and Poseidon. In Greek temple architecture Erechtheion is the only temple that has an asymmetrical ground, which is a strange phenomenon but becomes a masterpiece! Erechtheion Temple was built after Parthénon. Started in 424 and completed in 406. The appearance of Erechtheion next to Parthénon temple has magnified the beauty of the Acropole architectural complex. Two works with two completely different beauty have exchanged dialogues to create a rich space. The Parthénon is strong and tall, has a perfectly symmetrical ground with Dörich's column, Erechtheion is smaller, stands side by side, graceful with Ionic columns, and Cariatite columns (slave girls of Caria), and the temple grounds are asymmetrical freedom.

Every year in Athens a ceremony is held to honor Goddess Athene in Acropole and every four years there is a solemn ceremony. Here, people organize a parade procession on Acropole, on the way around Acropole hills they can see the buildings on the hill appear once in different angles. After that, follow the steps of the communion procession up the hill to the gate of Propylées; From here the architectural complex and monumental spread out magnificent with three main buildings are Parthénon, Erechtheion and Athene statue outside (because the temple also has Athene). The ceremony began, the young women were wearing new robes for the Goddess Athene statue, this statue in bronze, 9m high in ivory and gold in mosaic (quantity per ton of gold). This is a large sculpture of Phidias, no longer available.

Parthénon Temple

Parthénon Temple

On Acropole in Athens, Parthénon temple is the most beautiful temple of Greece at that time , designed and directed by two archaic architects of the time, Ichtinos and Callicrates, built in the year 447 - 438 Tr. New sun finished.

Parthénon temple on the ground is divided into three distinct parts. Pronaos (foyer), Naos (altar, there is a place for the statue of the Athenian god of the last part) and Opictodom (Treasure room).

The temple is surrounded by a corridor, the two main faces have eight columns, using the Dorich pillar, and by paying attention to the size of the human being, it looks very bright, light and gentle. .

The work uses white marble, has a normal and cool face, exposure to sunlight or moisture, the surface becomes brighter and wetter than the upper part of the roof with triangular wall paint. Decorative details are used in strong colors to reveal the dazzling glamor. Narthéno is about 30 * 70 meters apart from the values ​​of knowledge, sculpture is also valuable.

God Poseidon

Today, the remains of Parthénon, Erechtheion, Propylées and Niké are still incomplete but still a famous Greek tourist destination, a model for architects and visual art in the world to study. .

Ancient Greek artists were masters of visual art: the margins of the Parthénon building were slightly larger than the distance between the columns, all of these clever tactics were intended to correct the wrong numbers. sense of a massive building in space. The sculpture of Phidias in Parthénon is a masterpiece with a large volume of sculptures in two retractable roofs, ninety-two sculptures on the canvas, 200m on the top of the decorative strip.

The exemplary beauty that Phidias has achieved is the harmony between the physical and mental aspects of the human being, which is highly humanistic. People are praised and become a measure of all aesthetic values. This is most evident on the sculpture of Athene's birth in the east roof and the battle between Athèna and Poseidon on the western eaves. The Parthenon deserves the most exemplary masterpiece of the beauty of classical Greek architecture, it is the standard of Western architecture and sculpture for decades.