Discover the path directly from outside the cell to the cell nucleus

Thanh Van

A group of Brooklyn college researchers have broken long-held belief that there is no direct pathway between matter outside the cell and the cell nucleus.

It is known that matter outside a cell can move into cells. This happens through the process of endocytosis and phagocytosis, which in these processes extracellular material is absorbed by preventing the ligament of the cell membrane. Extracellular matter is then trapped inside the inner cell membrane known as intracellular organelles or phagosomes.

Matter can move away from the intracellular or phagocytic organ and eventually penetrate into the cell nucleus. But the Brooklyn College team has discovered that a phagosome and its substances can penetrate into the cell nucleus, where genetic information is stored and processed .

The team's findings on the existence of direct lines between extracellular and cellular nucleus are published in the August 10, 2007 issue of Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton.

The direct pathway, Gavin said, means that the "material that is taken from the outside to the inside doesn't necessarily get out of the phagosome before penetrating the cell nucleus." Therefore, his discovery means ' one step less for extracellular material to penetrate into the cell nucleus, and so this material penetrates inside the cell nucleus a lot easier than previously thought. here.'

Program director ' National Foundation ' Eve Barak describes Gavin researcher's discovery as ' a surprising and potentially observable model change, ' and predicts this discovery ' will have photos. great influence on how scientists think about regulated cell functions. '

1. Phagocytosis and intracellular phenomena: the buccal cell membrane is tightly bounded and thus forming a cell in the intracellular membrane is called phagosome or intracellular organelles containing extracellular matter
2. Phagosomes move from the cell membrane into the cell nucleus.
3. Phagocytes are 'submerged' by the cell nucleus and then release its substance into the nucleus. (Photo: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation)

Gavin only observed direct pathways from the extracellular environment to the cell nucleus in protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila . But Gavin said: ' Another finding based on this single-celled organism is later proved to be the same in the emergence in the biological world .' Therefore, these direct paths may also work in other organisms.

The discovery of the pathways in this unicellular animal was obtained from the observation made by Gavin 10 years ago in the gas that is monitoring the cells through a microscope.

During one observation, he found that the phagosomes gathered around the cell nucleus. Later, Gavin searched for this curiosity periodically and occasionally observed the behavior.

But Gavin was still unable to systematically search for phagocytes around the nucleus until he was funded by the National Science Foundation in 2006 to buy microscopes with the same focus, the glasses provided. Hologram of cells. Just like the last person to find an apple hidden in the apple by slicing apples in thin slices, Gavin has discovered this curious curiosity of the phagosomes that he studied using Use the same focal microscope to observe images that cut across cells multiple times.

Specifically, the team followed phagosomes carrying extracellular substances into the cell nucleus by introducing fluorescent latex resin into the area outside the cell. Then, they observed cells eating latex that then moved slowly into the cell. The penetration of phagosomes and their numerous numbers in the cell nucleus are marked by the illumination of the cell nucleus produced by latex. Similarly, the researchers also marked the cell membrane with fluorescence dyes and then observed the lumped membrane moving into the cell nucleus.

'Biologists can now study the types of external molecules, molecules that can penetrate the inner core through these newly identified direct paths and study how these materials are affecting nucleic substances and its processing processes, " said Gavin.