Illusion and trick 40 years - Deception in science (Term 1)

Koreans protested against the decision of Seoul National University.Many people still believe in the scientific talent of Mr. Hwang as the words on the flag clearly state: " Bring Hwang Woo Suk back to the research room " - Photo: Reuters

These lies in science so far have not had an exact explanation. Europe is also interesting.

Hwang Woo Suk's illusion

By March 22, after all consideration and thorough investigation, Seoul National University of Korea was forced to sign another important decision: stripping the teacher 'supreme scientist' status. Monk Hwang Woo Suk, whom the school has just removed from its faculty. In short, Mr. Hwang lost everything, from reputation to work, money.

It was an unbelievable story because before that Korean people were confident that he was a future candidate of the Nobel Prize, bringing a world-class honor to Korean people after years of striving to grow up in the economy. sacrifice. To invest for him, the government did not hesitate to spend up to $ 600,000 per year and the national airline also gave free tickets to him for a lifetime. Now he is even in the investigation of the state's ability to invest in scientific research.

As a veterinarian, Mr. Hwang was quickly known for successfully cloning Snoopy (Afghan breed). But his reputation was as ubiquitous as the world after two articles published in Science's scientific journal in 2004 and 2005: Mr. Hwang introduced to the research community 11 cloned stem cell lines. Human embryonic cells. This is a success creating hope for medical research because these stem cell lines will be used to treat incurable diseases such as polio or genetic decline.

But the needle in the pack quickly came out. On November 10, 2005, Roh Il Sung, a co-author of the article, acknowledged paying for the ovaries of 18 women for scientific research. This is not illegal, but initially skeptical about the ethics of Professor Hwang's team. Two weeks later, Mr. Hwang acknowledged the case and applied from the head of the research team.

Things can't stop anymore. At the beginning of December 2005, an unnamed email shot up on the internet of the Center for Information on Korean Biological Studies said the results of DNA tests of stem cell lines of Mr. Hwang's group were in the same way. Perfect with source cells. In a press conference later, Mr. Hwang admitted there were mistakes. Things get messed up with new revelations. Roh Il Sung again affirmed to South Korea's NBC that their second article was deceitful: only five cell lines were created, not 11.

Mr. Hwang had no choice but to apologize to the people and the government, but continued to complain: he did not know this lie. But at this point everything was too bad. Science magazine withdrew two articles published with the consent of the authors (the first article had 15 co-signers and cards after 25 people). The Korean government announced that it would withdraw financial support and immediately open two independent investigations (one from the judiciary and one from Seoul University, where Mr. Hwang taught).

The Minister of Health of Korea must accept responsibility for lack of control checks, too much trust in Mr. Hwang and resign. The Korean counterpart in this case fussed for the government to find ways to recover unpaid taxpayers' money for fake research. Thanks to that, the people knew that Mr. Hwang's group had received 40 million USD!

Mr. Hwang's human scandal really shocked every Korean citizen. But it was more painful than that until now they still had no idea why Mr. Hwang had dared to make such mischief so that the taxpayer's money would turn to smoke. Many of the temporary comments suggested that Mr. Hwang was too enthusiastic and could not stop at the words of confession.

The human skull was at Piltdown

The Piltdown skull is rebuilt

This is a case of 'eyes' that people last for 40 years. People do not dare to criticize the discovery only because the host has a great reputation. The incident began on December 18, 1912. Lawyer Charles Dawson, who is also an amateur geologist with a joint venture with renowned palaeontologist Arthur Smith Woodward, chairman of the London Geological Society (UK), told the world about Their important discovery: the oldest skull in the world, the link is unknown in the transformation from ape to a human.

For the British it was a sweet revenge, because so far French scientists have confirmed their names with the discovery of Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon people.

Immediately the most prominent scientists in the world and tourists flocked to the small village of Piltdown where Dawson and Woodward found the skull and jawbone still attached to two teeth. At that time, fossil bone age was determined based on the geological age of the area where it was discovered. Dawson argued that he found that other fossil bones like hippopotamus and elephant teeth from the end of the ice age were found in that area, so the other skull was also dated and deduced it was more than 500,000 Neanderthals. year.

Some people are skeptical about the discovery and deduction that is too simple but apprehensive of Woodward's reputation so they have to "sweeten the Sapindales". As time went on, more fossil bones were discovered in this area, and with ways to determine modern age, it was found that it did not adapt to the age of the published 'Piltdown skull'.

It was not until 1949, a year after Woodward died, that Dr. Kenneth Oakley, a member of the British Museum, dared to take Piltdown's skull to determine the age according to fluoride measurements. The result: fossil bones preserve as a pride in the British Museum not as ancient as people think.

On closer inspection, it was discovered that it was painted with potassium bichromate to give the color a time. More frightening: the jaw is a monkey's jaw and the teeth are intentionally ground as if worn by chewing. The modern human skull and fossil bones thought to be found in Piltdown are actually brought from Malta and Tunisia!

On November 21, 1953, the British Museum of Natural History must acknowledge in his news that 'Piltdown human skull' is a fraud. The way to determine age by carbon 14 in 1959 ended all doubts: the skull was of medieval people and the jaw bone was only about 500 years old.

Who has set up that commotion scandal? Neither Dawson nor Woodward were left to answer that question. Woodward seemed impersonal because he only believed in 'partnership' to mark Dawson's 'discovery'.

Many people continue to decipher this case and make assumptions without answers. Some say that the culprit is Grafton Elliot Smith, an Australian anatomist involved in research; Someone pointed out William Ruskin Butterfield, conservationist of Hastings Museum wanted to take revenge on Dawson .

But the most serious hypothesis is probably biased towards the culprit Teilhard de Chardin, a young Jesuit monk. He then wanted to tease his friend Charles Dawson because of his passion for fossil bones. When he saw that things were national and international, he did not dare to confess.

But in general it is still a hypothesis.

NGUYEN QUAN GENERAL

Many people still believe that our planet is expanding for various reasons. And the question marks have no answers about the 'memory of the country'.
Next term: The globe swells like a ball