Listed the great space exploration missions in history

Telescopes, robots, amphibious robots are learning robot tools used in many missions of automatic space exploration, helping people understand more about the mysterious universe.

Great space exploration missions

1. Hubble Space Telescope

For the past 25 years, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has taken countless beautiful images of the universe. Although the HST flies in orbit around the Earth, its 240 cm-diameter light-collecting mirror can capture light from objects 12 billion light-years away. It also indicates that the galaxy we live in is just one of 100 million galaxies.

The HST recorded many photos of gas clouds linked together to form new stars in star nurseries and spectacular supernova explosions.It deserves one of the legendary scientific instruments.(Photos: Wikipedia)

2. Voyager spacecraft 1 and 2

Two Voyager spacecraft 1 and 2 were launched in 1977 to explore the planets.Voyager 1 is the first artificial object to fly off the Solar System and into a new space so far.

At the time when the Internet was not available, scientists had to go to the planetarium to see the image Voyager sent. They were amazed to see clearly the Big Red Spot on Jupiter and Saturn Belt.

When Voyager 1 made its journey through planets in the Solar System , it was bombarded by countless solar-derived particles, or solar wind. The farther Voyager 1 flies, the weaker the solar wind. In 2012, Voyager 1 began to feel particles between stars, belonging to interstellar space. Voyager's mission continues as the Earth civilization messenger. A NASA expert once said, Voyager "went through the door to outer space and on the way to eternity."

The Earth image resembles a light blue dot above taken by Voyager 1 at a distance of 6 billion km in 1990. The picture shows the vast space, as well as our small home in the universe.(Photo: NASA)

3. Cassini-Huygens spacecraft

Saturn is the second largest planet in the Solar System. We can observe this giant gas planet and its belt through simple telescopes. However, until the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft approached the Saturn system in 2004, the new scientific community had more information about Saturn.

The highlight of this mission is the landing of the Huygens probe of the European Space Agency (ESA) on Titan , Saturn's biggest moon in 2005. Huygens is equipped with infrared and ultraviolet rays. (can see through the cloud) as well as radar tracking the weather system.

The image of moon Titan shows that here there is a large lake with white clouds above, many can contain liquid methane (left), orange-yellow sky and ice on the surface ( the right).(Photo: ESA)

4. Viking lander

Viking was the first lander to land on Mars's surface in 1976. The image it sent was also the first to take a panoramic view of the Martian surface.

(Photo: NASA)

The two Opportunity and Spirit exploration ships of the US Aerospace Agency (NASA) landed in Mars in 2004. The pictures sent by these two explorers were very clear and detailed, making us feel The senses are standing on the surface of Mars.

5. Giotto probe ship

ESA 's Giotto probe is the first spacecraft to study comets. It flew 150 million kilometers into space to study Halley Comet in 1986.

Giotto discovered Halley as a celestial body like a black bean, filled with dirt. The comet core extracts gas and many pieces of matter, impacted by the solar radiation pressure. Subsequent analyzes showed that Halley's comet formed from ice and dirt in the early days of the Solar System's formation and has been little changed since then.

(Photo: ESA)

6. Rosetta spacecraft

On March 2, 2004, the Rosetta spacecraft was launched in Guiana, France with the mission of studying comets 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko . It began a dangerous journey in the 6.4 billion km long universe to learn more about materials, including the compounds of carbon and water that existed during the solar system formation 4.6 billion years. before.

On November 12, 2014, the robot exploration of Philae landed about 500 million kilometers from the Earth's comet, 7 hours after separating from the Rosetta spacecraft. However, the robot exploration Philae is trapped in a cliff, not collecting enough energy and falling into a state of " hibernation".

On June 13, 2015, the ESA headquarters in Germany suddenly received an active signal back from Philae . Philae sent a large amount of data it collected before " hibernating" , helping scientists have a better insight into comets.

(Photo: ESA)

7. New Horizons spacecraft

New Horizons is the first spacecraft of the US Aeronautics Agency (NASA) to successfully reach Pluto after a 9-year journey, nearly 5 billion km. By observing high resolution images from New Horizons, scientists have found glaciers flowing on the surface of Pluto, the hazy atmosphere and the rain of organic compounds on the onions. this planet.

(Photo: NASA)