Our national flag in the period

Over thousands of years of history, in order to form 'Vietnam' as today, our national flag has experienced many ups and downs .

The national title is always one of the most sacred names for every nation, every person. It affirms the existence and sovereignty of a nation, demonstrating the sense and pride of each nation as well as equality with other countries in the world. Through thousands of years of history, to form 'Vietnam' as today, our national flag has experienced many ups and downs . Discovery Magazine would like to introduce a series of articles of researchers and journalists. , Dr. Nguyen Anh Hung returned to our national flag during the periods.

Since the beginning of the bronze age, the Vietnamese tribes have settled down in the North and the North Central. At that time, there were about 15 Vietnamese tribes living mainly in the Midlands and Northern Delta, dozens of Au Viet tribes lived mainly in the Viet Bac region. In many places, the Lac Viet and Au Viet people live intermingled with each other, next to other population components.

Due to the increasing demand for water treatment, the need to fight against foreign invasion and the increasing economic exchange and culture, tribes living close together tend to gather and reunite. Among the Lac Viet tribes, the Van Lang tribe was the most powerful. This tribal leader was the one who came to unite all Lac Viet tribes, created Van Lang country, proclaimed himself king - whose former name was Hung Vuong - and many descendants still passed on the title there.

Dong Son bronze drum - A symbol of Vietnamese culture.

Based on historical documents, it is possible to temporarily determine the geographical location of Van Lang corresponding to the North and North Central regions of our country together with a part of southern Guangdong, Guangxi (China). The existence of Van Lang country dates from the beginning of the first millennium BC (BC) to the 3rd century BC.

In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang gave land invaders to all Vietnamese groups. Thuc Phan - leader of the alliance of Au Viet tribes - was honored as the leader of the war against Qin. In 208 BC, the Qin army withdrew. With his supremacy, Thuc Phan proclaimed himself (An Duong Vuong), linking Lac Viet and Au Viet tribes, establishing Au Lac .

In 179 BC, Trieu Da - king of the South Vietnamese nation - launched an army to occupy Au Lac. An Duong Vuong's resistance failed. During the next 7 centuries, although the feudal forces of the North took turns in colonialism, divided our country into many countries and districts with different names that they set out, but still could not erase the name 'Âu Lạc'. 'In the sense, emotions and daily activities of our people.

In the spring of 542, Ly Bi rebelled, beating the Luong army and liberating the territory. In February 544, Ly Bi took the throne to the emperor, named Van Xuan , affirming the national pride and independence and the desire for the country to be sustainable forever.

Ly Bi government existed not long ago and fell into the domination of the Chinese court (since 602). Van Xuan national flag was battered and restored only after Ngo Quyen defeated Nam Han army by winning Bach Dang in 938, ending the Northern domination period.

In 968, Dinh Bo Linh calmed down the sand warriors, united the nation, crowned the Emperor and changed the name of the country to be Dai Co Viet (a big Vietnamese country). This national name remained during the Dinh Dynasty (968-979), Tien Le (980-1009) and early Ly Dynasty (1010-1053).

In 1054, the great blessing was the appearance of a bright star who had been turned off for several days, and the Ly dynasty renamed the country Dai Viet and the Dai Viet national flag remained unchanged until the end of the Tran dynasty.

In March 1400, Ho Quy Ly abandoned Tran Thieu De, founded Ho's house and changed the name of the country to Dai Ngu ('stupid' in ancient language meaning 'peacefulness' ). The national name existed until the Minh defeated the Ho dynasty (April 1, 2010).

After 10 years of resistance (1418-1427), Le Loi's revolt against Minh won. In 1428, Le Loi came to the throne and renamed the country Dai Viet (the territory of our country to the south now came to Hue). The Dai Viet national name was kept throughout the post-Le Dynasty (1428-1787) and the Tay Son period (1788-1801).

In 1802, Nguyen Anh was crowned, opening the Nguyen Dynasty and renaming the country to Vietnam . The Vietnamese national name was fully diplomatic to become an official in 1804. However, the two words 'Vietnam' appeared quite early in our country's history.

Right from the end of the 14th century, there was a book titled Vietnam in the world, compiled by Poet Ho Tong Thoc. The book of Du Du's address of Nguyen Trai (early 15th century) repeatedly mentioned the words 'Vietnam'. This is clearly mentioned in the writings of Nguyen Binh Khiem's ​​Status (1491-1585), for example, in the beginning of the Prophet book, there was a sentence: 'Vietnam started to build the foundation'.

Coat of arms of Vietnam.

It is also found that the words 'Vietnam' on some 16-17-century inscriptions such as Bao Lam pagoda beer (1558) in Hai Phong, Cam Lo temple temple (1590) in Hanoi, Phuc Thanh pagoda beer (1664) in Bac Ninh .

Especially Thuy Mon Dinh beer (1670) on the border of Lang Son has the first sentence: 'Vietnam servant, Bac Bac quan' (this is the gate of the country of Vietnam and the northern guard station). In terms of meaning, most hypotheses assume that the word 'Vietnam' is created by two factors: race and geography (Vietnamese in the South).

At the end of King Minh Mang's reign, the national name was changed to Dai Nam (in 1838). However, the two words 'Vietnam' are still widely used in literary works, in many civil transactions and social relations.

On September 2, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence, giving birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

On August 19, 1945, the August Revolution succeeded, completely overthrown feudal and colonial rule, opening up a new era. On September 2, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence, giving birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam .

During the next 30 years, although the country fell into war, then divided, two hours 'Vietnam' was still popularly used from the North to the South and became close and sacred to everyone.

The Constitution of 1946.

On April 30, 1975, the South was liberated and immersed in a relationship. On July 2, 1976, in the first meeting of the National Assembly of Vietnam, the whole National Assembly agreed on the name of the country being the Socialist Republic of Vietnam . The 1980 Constitution, the 1992 Constitution and the 2013 Constitution continue to affirm that title, making it both legal and practical.