The 10 greatest Pharaohs in history

In Egypt, the Pharaohs embody the supreme power of the terrestrial kings. They are known for their wealth, mighty, and mysterious lives that are still unresolved to this day.

According to the American scholars, Nobel Laureate and William Faulkner,'Pharaong is the descendant of the great god Amon, the sun god governs heaven and the Pharaohs are the rulers of the earth'.

In the word Pharaoh (Pharaong), 'Pha' means 'house' and 'oh' means 'big' . Initially this word was used to refer to the 'palaces' as large buildings. In the 14th century BC, during the reign of Akhenaton, the term "Pharaong" was used only for "king, emperor" , and since then, Pharaong has continued to be used for Egyptian kings.

Egyptologists divided the time of Pharaoh's rule to 10 stages, including 33 dynasties. Pharaohs are much described in history books.

Pharaohs often wear scepter shaped like a curved one-headed stick, the crown is red and white. The red crown, also known as the Deshret crown for the Lower Egypt rulers. The leaders of Upper Egypt wore a white crown, called the Hedjet crown. The colored crown has both red and white, or the Pschent crown is for the king of Egypt.

The Egyptian pyramids, built during the reign of the kings, opened the door to look at the history of human civilization in the past. Mummies of kings were also a valuable source of information about ancient Egyptian civilization.

Here are the 10 most famous Pharaohs in history:

1. Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun of Egypt's most famous Pharaoh

Nebkheperure Tutankhaten Tutankhamun , known as Tutankhamun or King Tu T, is the son of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Pharaong's younger sister Akhenaten, who has not yet identified his name, only known under the nickname ' The Younger Lady' . Born in 1341 BC and died in 1323 BC, he was Egyptian Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom, he was crowned at the age of 9, ruled for 10 years, and died when only new 19, so it is also called the king of teens .

King Tut's mausoleum is famous for its curse and death.

Howard Carter and George Herbert, Earl Carnaryon V, discovered King Tut's tomb in 1922 in an almost intact state. According to records, during the discovery of Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb, Lord Carnarvon saw a line saying: "Death will quickly come to you if you dare to violate the peace of the Emperor .".

Tutankhamun of Egypt's most famous Pharaoh.Tatankhamun mummies and artifacts in his tomb are displayed in many countries such as France, America, Germany, Japan, Australia, and many other places. In the exhibition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art held in the US from November 17, 1976 and April 15, 1979, King Tut's mummy was visited by more than 8 million visitors. In the 1977 edition of the book 'Discovering the Tombankhamun Tomb' , Jon Manchip White wrote, "This is the Pharaoh who lived so little to be known when he died.

2. Rameses II

Rameses II is the son of Pharaoh Seti I and Queen Tuva , born in 1300 BC. Unlike King Tut, he lived for a long time and died in 1213 BC, aged 97 years.

Rameses II is the third Egyptian Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty and is also known by the people under the name of the Great Rameses. He was honored as the greatest, noble and mightiest Phara Ai Egypt hero. He was regent at the age of 14 and took the throne when he had just finished his teens.

Rameses II is recognized as one of the most powerful, powerful and praised kings in ancient Egyptian history.

He is famous for the great monuments built at his reign, including the temples of Abu Simbel, Abydos, Ramesseum, Luxor, and Karnak. Rameses has many children. Although he did not know the exact number, the Egyptians thought he had more than 44 sons and more than 40 daughters.

After his death, Pharaoh Ramesses was buried at the "Valley of the Kings ". His body was later taken to the Royal Morgue, where it was found in 1881, and is now in the Egyptian museum in Cairo.

3. Narmer

According to many Egyptians speculate, Narmer was the first king to unite Egypt , belonging to the dynasty of the early 31st century BC. Narmer's identity is still being debated, although most Egyptologists today identify Narmer with the first dynasty pharaoh, Menes, who is also credited with uniting Egypt, and is the first pharaoh.

James E. Quibell discovered the famous 'Narmer board' in 1888. 'The Narmer board' is a limestone sculpture at a cliff and is the famous discovery of Quibell. This board described Narmer as the first Pharaoh unifying Egypt. Narmer's mausoleum consists of two adjacent rooms located in the vicinity of the Ka tomb.

4. Djoser

Djoser is the son of King Khasekhemwy and queen Nimaethap. He was the king of the third dynasty in 2670 BC. He was the person who succeeded Khasekhemwy and was the predecessor to Sekhemkhet.

He is best known for his work of the ladder Pyramid designed and built by Imhotep when he reigned. Djoser was buried in this famous pyramid. The colored limestone statues in his tomb are preserved at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They are one of the oldest Egyptian statues of similar size. The statues were excavated and discovered in 1924. A plaster copy of this statue was made and displayed at the site of its excavation at Saqqara.

5. Khufu

Khufu was the son of Pharaoh Sneferu with Queen Hetepheres I. He was the second Pharaoh of the 4th dynasty, reigning in 2589-2566 BC. He is known for his work on the pyramid of Giza , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

All of Khufu's statues and other reliefs related to him were found to be broken or damaged. The only intact statue of Khufu is an ivory statue about 3 inches long discovered in a ruined temple in Abydos in 1903. Khufu was mentioned in "Westcar Papyrus ", a famous book. about magic and magic spells of the Third Dynasty.

6. Userkaf

The name "Userkaf" , means a powerful soul . He was Pharaong who founded the fifth royal dynasty of Egypt and was also the first to begin building the solar temple in Abusir. He reigned from 2994 BC until 2487 BC, and during this time, he built the Userkaf Pyramid , where he was later buried.

His solar temple in Abugorab was first discovered by Richard Lepsius in the 19th century, studied by Ludwig Borchardt in the 20th century and excavated by Herbert Ricke in 1954. Naguib Mahfouz, who won the Nobel Prize for Who Update also published a story related to Userkaf in 1934. This book was named 'AFW al-malik Userkaf: uqsusa misriya' and according to Raymond Stock temporarily translated, the title of the book means: The forgiveness of King Userkaf.

7. Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II

Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II is the son of Intef III and Iah. He was born in 2061 BC and died in 2010 BC. He was a Pharaong of the 11th dynasty. His reign was 51 years from 2061 to 2010 BC.

Mentuhotep II has many wives in it: Queen Neferu II with the name means "the most beautiful ", Kawit - "the king's loving wife". His four nephews are named Sadeh, Ashayet, Henhenet, and Kemsit. They are all beautiful wives of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II.

When Pharaoh died, Queen Neferu II was buried with him in the tomb at Deir-el-Bahri, and the remaining four were buried in a common grave in the basement of Mentuhotep II temple.

8. Khakhaure Senusret III

Khakhaure Senusret III is the son of Pharaong Senusret II and his wife Khnemetneferhedjet I. He has two wives, Khenemetneferhedjet I and Neferthenut, who are buried in the vicinity of the king's tomb pyramid at Dahshur.

He reigned in 1878-1839 BC and was the 5th Pharaoh of the 12th dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. He is known to have built the Senostris Canal . He is also known for his impressive fortresses like Buhen, Toshka, Semna, and Uronatri.

During his reign, he expanded the territory of the country to tell his children, "The people who fight for us, the people who defend our territory, are my children. the one who resigns responsibility, does not fight for the kingdom, is not a child born to me ".

Senusret III is one of the few kings to be deified and worshiped in reverence throughout his life.

9. Akhenaten

Akhenaten is the son of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Mrs. Tiye. He was Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. Akhenaten reigned for 17 years (1353-1336 BC). He has 5 wives including Queen Nefertiti - the most famous and most famous wife until now. The cause may be because of her unique demeanor and creativity in her religious reform. Neither the king nor the queen encouraged polytheism, but the two concentrated on worshiping the only god, Aten .

10. Cleopatra VII Philopator

Cleopatra VII Philopator, famously known as Cleopatra Queen . She was the last Pharaoh of ancient Egypt. Her Ptolemy dynasty survived the death of Alexander the Great - the head of the Greek empire at the time.

In her Dynasty, Egyptian language was not popular in Greek. Greek is used in everyday life as well as in official documents. However, Cleopatra learned Egyptian language and she claimed to be the embodiment of the Egyptian goddess Iris. At first, she ruled the kingdom with her father, then with her brothers, and eventually she became independent and became the last Pharaoh of ancient Egypt.

To this day, Cleopatra is a famous figure in Western culture. Her reputation is conveyed in the form of many stories that are theater, the subject of paintings, theater, drama and music.