The formation of planets in gas disks

Astronauts are now able to study the planet-forming disk around young Sun-like stars, thereby revealing the movement and distribution of gas in the inner region of the disc. Research results can bring about the possibility of presenting giant planets. Research has been successful thanks to an intelligent method implemented with the Very Large Telescope (Very Large Telescope - VLT) of the ESO agency.

The planet may be a home for different life forms, so studying extraterrestrial is highly positioned in contemporary astronomy. There are more than 300 planets orbiting around other known Sun stars. These new worlds demonstrate surprising diversity in their characteristics. But astronauts not only look at the system where planets have been formed, they can also gain more insight by studying disks around young stars where the planets might be created.

Klaus Pontoppidan, a research director at Caltech, said: 'This is like going back to 4.6 billion years to see how our Solar System planets form.'

Pontoppidan and his colleagues analyzed three objects similar to the Sun, each with surrounding dust and gas. From that gas disk the planet can be formed. These three gas plates are only a few million years old, they have holes inside. These are areas where the dust and gas have dissipated synonymous with the possibility of a young planet's presence.

The results not only confirm that the gas is present in the gap, but also allow astronomers to determine how gas is distributed in the disk, as well as the direction of the disk's orientation. In areas where dust gas seems to be dissipated, molecular gas still exists at high rates. This may indicate that dust is bound together to form planetary embryos, or onions that have been formed earlier and are in the process of dissolving gas in the disk.

Using VLT, astronauts are now able to study planet-forming discs around young sun-like stars.In the past, people still thought the planets that formed the planet had an inner hole (the area is slightly brown on the image), but the astronauts discovered the existence of gas inside the hole (white above). image).This may be that the dust has gathered together to form planetary embryos, or planets that have been formed and are in the process of dissipating gas in the disk.(Photo: Image courtesy of ESO)

For the SR 21 star, the explanation may be the presence of a giant planet that has a 3.5 times orbit greater than the distance between the Earth and the Sun. While with the second star HD 135344B, the planet there could have 10 to 20 times the orbit of the Earth and the Sun. The observation at the 3rd star TW Hydrae also requires the presence of one or two planets. Pontoppidan said: 'Our observations made by the CRIRES device on VLT clearly revealed that the gas disk around the three stars is very different from the Sun, they tend to create planetary systems as well. very different. Certainly, naturally, I don't want to repeat what was done. '

Ewine van Dishoeck of Leiden Observatory and Pontoppidan's collaborator added: 'These observations will support future studies conducted by the ALMA observatory, and future studies will describe the gas plates with larger proportions with higher details'.

The study of holes in gas disk disks of solar system size surrounding stars that are 400 years from light is an arduous challenge, requiring smart solutions as well as devices. as advanced as possible.

Van Dishoeck explains: 'Normal image descriptions cannot show details with the ratio of the distance between planets and objects that are too far away. Interfering techniques may be better but do not allow us to monitor the movement of dust gas'.

Astronomers have used a technique called 'spectral star image' to see the inner region of the gas disk where Earth-like planets are probably being formed. They can not only measure the distance equal to a tenth of the distance from the Earth to the Sun but can also measure the velocity of dust gas at the same time.

Alain Smette of ESO and a member of the study said: 'The special configuration of the device along with the application of adaptive optics allows astronomers to conduct observations with the above techniques a simple way. The result is that the spectrophotometric image with CRIRES can now be performed regularly '.