The periodic table has four new elements, the 7th cycle has been filled

Our Chemistry Periodic Table also officially has new members. Four chemicals were added to the seventh row of the table: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).

Chemical periodic table

Along with the recognition of element 113 as a chemical element, IUPAC has officially introduced three other elements with atomic numbers of 115, 117 and 118, respectively, into the periodic table. This is considered a "major update " of the periodic table since 2011, when 114 and 116 were included and now the 7th cycle has been filled, the periodic table has become more full, gender Humanity's term of knowledge has progressed one step further and Mendeleev's "prophetic" talent nearly 200 years ago has been confirmed again.

After reviewing chemical studies submitted by scientists from the US, Japan and Russia, the International Union of Basic Chemistry and Applications (IUPAC) has confirmed four elements with atomic numbers. 113, 115, 117 and 118 are meeting the criteria to become the newly discovered element. These are the heaviest elements in the periodic table and have never been found to exist outside the laboratory. The reason is that they are very unstable , can only be created in the laboratory by synthesizing lighter nuclei and in fact, they only last less than a second before being broken into elements. other.

New periodic table

The periodic table of new chemical elements updated with cycle 7 has been filled.

In 2011, researchers found flerovium (atomic number 114) and livermorium (atomic number 116) and included it in the periodic table. Now, four more elements continue to be filled in with the names called ununtrium (Uut, 113), ununpentium (Uup, 115), ununseptium (Uus, 117), and ununoctium (Uuo, 118) . Over the next few months, research groups have discovered that these elements will propose new names for them.

And still remember since the periodic table of chemical elements created by Mendeleev in 1869, it still has a lot of room, but gradually later generations of scientists have gradually filled the gaps. and so far, it has been relatively beautiful and plump. However, scientists believe that it is not yet completed and there are still many questions around elements that seem simple but have created this universe.

IUPAC notes that a more efficient and direct way to measure atomic numbers of elements is needed. It is known that the Japanese team does not want to stop at 113 but also wants to go further, they hope to continue to discover elements from 119 onwards and even " stable island" which is hypothesis Current pain of chemists.

How many elements are there in the periodic table?

According to the prediction model, the heaviest element will have 126 protons. If higher, the atomic nucleus will no longer be stable enough to exist. At the same time, it is predicted that there is a "stable island" area - somewhere on the periodic table - where the super-heavy elements of this group are less likely to decay. However, until now, this area still has mysterious leaves.

How did scientists create new elements?

In 2012, German scientists conducted a project to create the heaviest element ever known in the universe to the present with the prime number of 119 . For five months, they unified the nuclei of two lighter elements to form a larger atom with a proton number of 119. This process is similar to the synthesis of other superheavy elements (yes From 103 protons or more), the 119 element created only lasts less than 1 second and will decay into lighter elements.

In fact, scientists have been trying to create super-heavy elements of this type in the past (in the cold war, American and Russian scientists also competed in discovering these elements), simultaneously for a better understanding of the properties of atomic nuclei. Back in the German scientists' study, after five months of experimentation, they began analyzing terabytes of data collected to find signs of element 119. If evidence is found, they will not only gain the right to name it but also a bigger turning point: opening a new cycle (line) in the periodic table: the 8th cycle.

Scientists have conducted a project to create the heaviest element ever known in the universe to the present with a prime number of 119.

1. Particle acceleration

Scientists will use a linear particle accelerator at GSI Helmholtz Heavy Ion Research Center in Darmstadt, Germany to accelerate an ionized Titan beam in a tube nearly 122 meters long at a rate of 29,951,680m / s, about 1/10 of the speed of light.

2. Collision

During 5 months, ionized titanium beams will be viewed and smashed into the berkeli atom nucleus. Scientists predict that there will be one out of a few billions of collisions, a titanium nucleus with 22 protons will hit the target properly with a Berkeli 96 proton nucleus at a specific speed and position, then Nuclear fusion occurs and new atoms have 119 protons.

3. Isolation

The newly created superheavy nucleus will have a larger atomic atom and will move slower, only 2% of the speed of light. At the same time, this new nucleus will react to the magnetic field. By using a powerful magnet, the scientists could take element 119 out of the titanium and take it to the detector.

4. Detection

The atomic nucleus 119 will be inserted into a silicon detector. Since 119 is a radioactive element, when it is in the detector, it is predicted that it will emit alpha particles (2 protons and 2 neutrons). And if the detector detects these decays, it means that scientists have proven the existence of the new element. It seems so simple, but in fact, scientists have not succeeded in the world so far.

A brief history of the discovery of superheavy elements in the periodic table

It is predicted that there exists a "stable island" area - where super heavy elements of this group are less likely to decay.

1. Atomic number 43 - Technetium

This was the first synthetic element created by physicist Emilio Segrè in 1937. With only 43 protons, this is the lightest element without stable isotopes.

2. 92 - Uranium atomic number

The element of the Actini family in the 7th cycle, discovered in 1789 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth but until more than 100 years later, the French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity. when using uranium.

3. Atomic numbers from 93 - 103 - Neptunium – Fermium

In 1940, physicists at Berkeley successfully synthesized the 93th element, the first element heavier than uranium. Then it was named neptunium. Next, the 94th element Plutonium was quickly discovered. Finally, physicists continue to create elements from 95 to 103 from 1940 to 1961.

4. Atomic numbers from 104 to 106 - Rutherfordium – Seaborgium

In the mid-1966s and 1974s, Soviet and American scientists raced to create elements with atomic numbers from 104 to 106. Americans created 104 to 106, while the Russians created 105.

5. Atomic number from 107-112 - Bohrium – Copernicium

Scientists at GSI Helmholtz Heavy Ion Research Center in Darmstadt, Germany, have for the first time confirmed the existence of the 107th element in 1981. After 15 years, they created more elements 108 - 112.

6. Atomic number 113 -118 - Ununtrium – Ununoctium

Since 2003, scientists at the Livermore Laboratory, USA, Russian nuclear laboratory, and RIKEN laboratory, Japan have discovered, researched and created elements from 113 to 118.

7. Number 119?