The terrible bid for people if they go beyond the limits of the sea

Pain, nausea, unconsciousness, even death are terrible "prices" for humans if they go beyond the limits of the sea.

People still have certain physical limitations that cannot be overcome. One of those limitations is the pressure of water. These limitations make it difficult to explore the seabed.

A. Why can't we dive as deep as fish?

Water pressure affects the entire human body under water.(Illustration).

Humans are the master of the Earth but still have a lot of limitations compared to other creatures, including the ability to swim and dive compared to underwater creatures that are far inferior.

The difference comes from the body's own structure and some physical laws:

1. Dive deep into oxygen tanks

When we dive deep into the water, we need to have a sufficient amount of oxygen in the lungs, so divers without the need to practice breathing a lot to get the maximum lung capacity. Even so, the diving limit is still very limited.

They were dubbed the " fishman " because they could descend to the utmost depth (Loic Leferme, the deepest diver in the world, down to a depth of 162m without oxygen tanks in October 2002).

But that depth is nothing compared to the ability of fish or other sea creatures.

What limits this ability, the cause comes from the pressure from the water environment to the body, the limit of lung capacity (on average, we only stop breathing for about 3 minutes) and the ability of the body to adapt to pressure. productivity changes.

Limit diving.(Illustration).

For deep diving, professional divers do not need oxygen tanks, they have to train to adjust the slow reflex heart rate to reduce circulation, while increasing maximum lung volume.

According to physiologist Erika Schagatav, of Harnosen University (Sweden), divers can practice to adapt to changes that affect the environment when swimming to reduce heart rate to the lowest level.

This makes it possible for longtime divers to dive deeper than new divers, sooner or later.

Impact of intense pressure

If on land, we only have to bear the air pressure (about 1 atmosphere), then we have to undergo water pressure (1 meter more water every 10 meters) plus air.

Every thing sinking into the water is subject to water pressure . This pressure is directly proportional to the depth: when the depth increases by 10m, the pressure will increase by 1 atm. This means that each 1cm ^{2 area} will add 1kg of pressure.

In the body there are hollow parts that have a vapor like the lungs, the middle part of the ear, the sinuses (bone cavity) in the nose, the forehead . They are the most sensitive parts with pressure as well as being susceptible. most hurt.

We still can't dive as deep as many fish.(Internet photo).

This pressure first affects the eardrum, making us feel extremely painful due to pressure imbalance.

Although we closed the ear hole when diving to avoid the pressure impact on the ear, down to 3 meters was uncomfortable because the eardrum did not feel the change in pressure at the depth, so the mechanism adapted work.

But why are we still able to dive to a certain degree when we have just dived 30 meters deep, the body has been subjected to a pressure of 45,000kg!

This is due to the pressure balance between the inside and outside of the body, the adult body is over 60% water.

On the other hand, the compressed air that the person inhales has pressure equal to the pressure that the water exerts on the person, helping counterbalance this pressure.

A physical law states the following: the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.

Therefore, the deeper the depth, the lower the volume of gas inside the body, such as the lungs, but people only tolerate very limited volume reduction, which makes our diving ability very limited. .

So when the internal and external pressures are evenly balanced, the diver remains in a safe state, once the external pressure is too large for the internal pressure. We will get "dead" water!

At a depth of 160 meters, the pressure on the person is 16 atm. In other words, every square meter is under the pressure of . 160 tons of liquid above it.

With divers equipped with oxygen tanks, they will perform a procedure to transfer a part of the precious air in the Eustache hose (the tube that connects the nose to the ear) by squeezing the nostrils and breathing through the nose.

When the pressure is too great, we will experience nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness . It's dangerous, isn't it?

There are many dangers when people dive deep into the sea.(Illustration).

Obstacles to Nitrogen

If diving deeper (40 meters), the diver may fall into a "drunken Nitrogen " state. The reason, when diving deep, nitrogen dissolves into the blood more than due to the law of water-soluble gases:

When the temperature does not change, the amount of gas dissolved in the water is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas.

Normally, when on land they are in equilibrium and nitrogen levels are at safe levels in the blood. Nitrogen will penetrate into the blood causing divers as a drunkard with clumsy manipulations.

Symptoms are worse, if both tired and cold, especially before drinking alcohol. Down to a depth of 90-100 meters, it can be delirious. Dangerous for diver's life.

Another dangerous risk when a diver dives deep but abruptly emerges from the surface of the water is that, due to reduced water pressure, rapid nitrogen expansion in the blood creates bubbles of dangerous blood vessels.

Nitrogen dissolves too much, causing disturbances and effects on the whole body, which is considered a risk that many people die or suffer from severe sequelae when diving.

2. Deep diving with oxygen tank

Although equipped with oxygen tanks, the time of human underwater extends a lot, but the limit of deep diving is still very limited (about 330m with an oxygen tank as recorded by the Guinness Book of Records by a citizen. Update established in 2005).

Water pressure is still a huge obstacle whether oxygen tank or not (because oxygen tank only helps extend the time under water, not change the impact of water pressure on the body).

Because of the danger of water pressure on the body, diving is not a sport for everyone, especially those with heart, ear, lung, blood pressure, weak health .

B. Explain why other fish and sea creatures can be deep in the ocean floor

Limited diving depth of some fish species.(Photo: Livescience.com).

Although adapted to the water environment, not all fish can dive deep, they also have their own limits.

Accordingly, Sperm whales dive deepest in the seabed with a depth of 2km (also nothing compared to the depth of the sea right?).

Note: whales belong to the animal class, not fish, but many people mistakenly think from the name.

They have their own mechanisms to create internal and external pressure balance to avoid "distortion" water pressure. At the same time, the ability to breathe by gills is also the reason that fish can live perfectly in the water environment.

Spermaceti.

They do not suffer from "pressure drop" disease like ours because when we dive, for example, whale whales will have a narrowed part of the chest according to the increase in external pressure, the lungs will also shrink, pulmonary foam will push up, and gas exchange. stop.

Nitrogen gas will not be dissolved in the blood so they can dive up and down very quickly without fear of sudden pressure changes. Help them become the deepest "diving champion" of the sea.

These types of fish have air bubbles that change volume easily to help them change the depth easily. Bubble pressure changes help them adjust position easily.

This helps the fish to dive deep but still balance the pressure outside, depending on the volume and size of the fish that they can dive as much as possible.

C. Why are there still organisms that can live on the ocean floor, where there is the most terrible water pressure?

Sea creatures adapt to the water environment and can dive deeper than humans.(Illustration).

Interestingly, there are still creatures that live deep in the ocean floor that are well adapted to this place with no light and tremendous pressure.

Seawater pressure is not a problem of deep-sea organisms because their bodies are composed almost entirely of water. (The ratio of water in these organisms is higher than 70% of the body).

The deepest place on Earth is the Mariana Trench bottom in the Pacific Ocean (10,894m), 5 times the diving ability of " diving champion " is a whale whale. Scientists estimate here, the water pressure is terrible to 100 MPa.

However, there are still creatures that exist, typically water beetles. A study published by Kunihiro Seki and Masato Toyoshima of Kanagawa University (Japan) in 1998 showed that this creature can withstand pressure up to 600 MPa in a "dumb" state !

Water bears.

Life is always the most wonderful and wonderful even in the harshest environments on Earth. Life is still strong up in a spectacular way.

Currently, scientists are still trying to use new technological devices to explore the ocean floor, which is still a mysterious night with humans.