The world's largest experiment on Neutrinos

Recently, US scientists began to conduct an unprecedented large-scale experiment in the history of Neutrino particles - one of the most elusive subatomic particles in nature - with the system set The NOvA (NuMI Off-Axis Neutrino Appearance) consists of two sets of giant detectors located 800km apart - the longest distance in the history of experiments of the same type.

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This experiment uses the world's strongest Neutrino beam formed in the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab). 208 scientists from 38 research agencies in the US, Brazil, Czech, Greece, India, Russia and the United Kingdom joined the NOvA research collaboration group.

Neutrinos are a fundamental type of particle that plays an extremely important role in microscopic physics as well as in the process of initiation and process of the evolution of the macro universe. It is extremely small, has almost no mass and is everywhere. Every 65 billion Neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of the Earth; or every second 100 billion Neutrinos pass through our bodies but they don't cause any effect.

The remote probe of the NOvA experiment takes about four years to build

Neutrinos are created in the Big Bang, they can also be formed inside the Sun and in our bodies. Because they move so fast and the volume is too small, they do not interact with all forms of matter so scientists have many difficulties in capturing them.

The group of Neutrino particles consists of three flavors: flavor, electron, muon and tau (ie, vμ, vτ) and they can be converted between them; It is currently unclear why this conversion has occurred. Neutrinos are assumed to be a component of dark matter (accounting for 22% of the universe) - one of the greatest mysteries of the universe.

NOvA devices are placed on the motion of the Neutrino beam emanating from Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois. Fermilab's heavy-duty 300-meter near detector will conduct monitoring when Neutrino beams reach speeds near the speed of light. The 14,000-ton remote detector (far detector) located in a remote area in Ash River, Minnesota near the US-Canada border will catch the Neutrino particles after they cross the 800km journey through the earth with speed. the degree of light, so that scientists can analyze how they were transformed on such long distances.

This device is the largest plastic structure in the world today: 60m long, 15m high, 15m wide. The two devices must be located so far apart that the Neutrino has enough time to convert from one flavor to another.

The two devices are filled with a scintillating liquid , which will glow when a neutrino interacts with this liquid. The optical cable transfers that light to a computer, the computer will create 3D images of this interaction, through image analysis, scientists will have new insights into the Neutrino.

In the next six years, Fermilab's world's largest type-accelerator will launch Neutrino beams of frequencies every few tens of trillions of particles toward the two devices. Since Neutrino particles hardly interact with all kinds of matter, it is expected that only a few Neutrino particles can be captured every day.

'NOvA represents a new generation of Neutrino experiments. We are proud to have reached this important milestone in the path of understanding more fundamental particles, 'said Nigel Lockyer, Fermilab Director.