What's in the deepest place on Earth?

Mariana was once recorded. The lowest point of this trench is also the deepest place on the Earth's crust.

The Mariana Trench is located on the bottom of the Pacific Northwest, east of the Mariana Islands, which extends near Japan.

Mariana Trench Area - (Photo: The Daily Mail).

Hold the tops!

The trench has an average length of 2,550km, about 69km wide, is the boundary of two tectonic plates: the Pacific plate subsided under the Philippines array to form a deep pool.

The distance between the bottom of the Mariana trench and the sea level is much greater than the height of Mount Everest - the highest mountain in the world.

Specifically, the maximum depth of Mariana groove is 10,971m below sea level. If you put the entire Everest (8,848m) to the bottom of this area, the top of the mountain will be more than 2,000m from the sea.

The depth of the slopes is about the height of civilian aircraft flying in the sky.

Challenger Area (11,000m) and Mount Everest (8,848m) - (Photo: Venngage).

The name of the deepest area of ​​the Mariana Trench was named for the Abyss Challenger after the Challenger II of the Royal Navy to measure the area in 1951.

At the bottom of the basin, the water pressure is about 1,086 bar (1,071 atm) 1,000 times higher than the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. The trough bottom temperature ranges from 1 to 4 degrees C.

The Mariana Trench is named after the nearby Mariana Islands.The Mariana Islands were again named after the Spanish queen Mariana de Augustin, wife of King Philip IV in the 17th century, when Spain began colonizing the archipelago.

Strange creatures

Challenger ship off the Kerguelen Islands - (Photo: North Wind Picture Archives).

The first mariana diving dive to the Mariana trench was made by the submarine probe of Bathyscaphe Trieste of the US Navy.

The ship reached the bottom of the trench at about 1:00 pm on January 23, 1960 by the naval lieutenant Don Walsh and engineer Jacques Piccard.

At the bottom, Walsh and Piccard were surprised to find creatures like flounder about 30cm long and some.

Ship Trieste launched - (Photo: US Navy).

"The seabed seems bright and clean, is a desert-only wilderness," Piccard said.

Subsequently, two other expeditions were carried out in 1996 by ROVs Kaiko and Nereus in 2009.

The next trip was made in March 2012 by Canadian film director on the Deepsea Challenger train .

In December 2014, Jeffrey Drazen, an ecologist at the University of Hawaii (USA), led an expedition to the Mariana valley to learn about life in the Mariana trench.

Director James Cameron alone dives to the bottom of Mariana's trench - (Photo: National Geographic).

During the expedition, they recorded strange animals with distinct characteristics adapted to the environment very deep below sea level.

Accordingly, some species have giant eyes that make it easier to catch rare amounts of light in the deep bottom.

Others do not even have visual functions, in exchange for tactile activity that is very powerful to feel their prey.

In addition, some species have the ability to self-glow to attract their own prey.

During this trip, a world record was set when the team discovered that fish live in the deepest place on Earth, with a depth of about 8,145m below sea level.

Specifically, the snail species lives at a depth of more than 8,100m, breaking a record of 7,700m of Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis (pink tadpole fish) found in Japanese and Pacific trenches.

"Hiding" is still deeply polluted

"We often think deep down the ocean is a wild and safe land before human impact, but our research shows the opposite , " said Dr. Alan Jamieson from Newcastle University (UK). know.

A plastic box exists at a depth of 4,947m in the Mariana trench - (Photo: NOAA).

Specifically, in the journal Nature, Ecology & Evolution, Dr. Jamieson's team said that the Mariana trench faces huge pollution.

In it, scientists believe that the amount of toxic chemicals in the crustaceans that live in the Mariana trench - one of the most remote places on Earth - is 50 times higher than the toxins in the crustaceans living in Liaoning River, one of China's most polluted rivers.

The crustaceans live deep in the ocean - (Photo: SCHMIDT OCEAN INSTITUTE).

Explaining scientists, waste is very likely to be produced in industrial areas in the Pacific Northwest. Subsequently, the chemicals followed the debris or broken debris moving to the ocean floor and remained there for a very long time.

The reason these toxic substances cannot go elsewhere is because the Mariana trench does not get much impact from the flow of water, which makes nearly all chemicals nearly stand still.