Compare the gravity of planets in the Solar System

Understanding these numbers allows us to prepare carefully for space travel, especially the mission to enter deep space and land the planet.

Gravity is one of the 4 basic forces of physics. After spending billions of years of formation, the Earth has its gravitational pull at about 9.8m / s ² , enabling humanity and a host of other organisms to evolve and grow. People with intellect and science have called this gravity 1g. However, in different planets within the Solar System, their gravitational forces are significantly different.

Gravity causes time to bend.

Basically, gravity depends on the mass of the object. Everything from stars, planets to galaxies or subatomic particles, they all have gravitational pull on other objects. Depending on the size, volume and density of matter, the gravity it impacts will vary.

For example, the gravity of the Earth is currently about 9.80665m / s ² . That means that if an object is on the ground and is thrown high up, it will fall back at an acceleration of 9.8 meters per second.

According to Isaac Newton's Law of Gravitation, the magnitude of gravitational attraction between two objects is calculated by the formula F = G (m1m2 / r²). Where, F is the magnitude of force, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects respectively, r is the distance between them, G is the gravitational constant (6,674 × 10-11 Nm ² / kg ² ).

Based on the size and mass of the planetary way, their gravitational force can be expressed in units of g as well as the rate of objects accelerating when falling freely to its surface. So what are the results of these calculations? Here is the answer for you:

Mercury

The size of Mercury is about 0.383 times the Earth.

With an average radius of about 2,440km and a volume of 3.30.1023kg, Mercury's size is about 0.383 times the Earth, the weight is only about 0.055 times. This makes Mercury the smallest and lightest planet in the Solar System.

However, thanks to the high material density, about 5,427g / cm ³ compared to the Earth of 5,514 g / cm ³ , Mercury has a surface gravitational force of 3.7 m / s ² , equivalent to 0, 38g.

Venus

Venus is also called "twin brother" with our planet.

Venus is about the same size as the Earth, which makes it often called "twin brothers" with our planet.

With a surface area of ​​4,6032.108km ² , a volume of 4,8675.1024kg and a density of 5,243 g / cm ³ , Venus size is 0.9499 times the Earth, the volume reaches 0.815 times and density is about 0 , 95 times. Therefore, it is not surprising that gravity on Venus is very close to Earth: 9.87m / s ² or 0.904g.

Moon

This is the only extraterrestrial body that humans have ever experienced gravity on the surface.

This is the only extraterrestrial body that humans have ever experienced gravity on the surface. This is done by astronauts in the Apollo mission. Calculated based on a 1,737km radius, a volume of 7,347.1022kg and a density of 3,3464g / cm ³ of the Moon, its gravitational force is 1.62m / s ² or 0.16g.

Mars

The mass of Mars is 0.107 times that of Earth.

Mars is like the Earth in many important respects. However, when it comes to size, volume and material density, Mars is relatively inferior. In fact, its average radius is about 3,389km, equivalent to 0.53 times the Earth.

The mass of Mars is 6,4171.1023kg, equal to 0.107 times Earth. Its physical density is only 0.71 times that of our planet, which is 3.93 g / cm ³ . Because of these parameters, Mars's gravity is about 0.38g or 3.711m / s ² .

Jupiter

Jupiter's volume is 1,8986.1027kg, equivalent to 317.8 times Earth.

Jupiter is the largest and heaviest planet in the Solar System. Its average radius is 69,911 ± 6 km, 10.97 times greater than Earth. Jupiter's volume is 1,8986.1027kg, equivalent to 317.8 times Earth. However, because it is an asteroid, it has a lighter density of about 1,326g / cm ³ .

Besides, because it is a giant mass of gas, Jupiter doesn't have a real surface. If someone were to stand on it, they would simply sink and go through the solid core of the planet. The result is that the gravity on Jupiter (defined on the top of the gas cloud) is about 24.79 m / s ² , equivalent to 2,528 g.

Saturn

Saturn is a giant gas planet and much larger than Earth.

Like Jupiter, Saturn is a giant gas planet and much larger than Earth. Its radius is about 58,232 ± 6km (9.13 times the Earth), weighing about 5,846.1026kg (95.15 times the Earth). Saturn has a material density of 0.687 g / cm ³ . As a result, the gravitational force on its cloud surface is only slightly above Earth, about 10.44m / s ² or 1,065g.

Uranus

Uranus is 4 times the size of the Earth.

With an average radius of 25,360km and a volume of 8.68.1025kg, Uranus is four times the size of the Earth and weighs 14,536 times more. However, because it is a mass of gas, it has a low density of Earth, only 1.27g / cm ³ . Gravity on its gas surface is 8.69m / s ² , equivalent to 0.886g.

Neptune

Neptune is the 4th largest planet in the Solar System.

The average radius of Hai Vuong star is 24,622 ± 19km, with a volume of 1,0243.1026kg, Hai Vuong star is the 4th largest planet in the Solar System. These parameters show, its size is 3.86 times that of our planet and is 17 times heavier.

The low density of matter, about 1,638g / cm ³ , shows that it is a gas planet. Gravity on the surface of Neptune's gas mass is 11.15m / s ² or 1.14g.

Conclude

Planets in the Solar System.

Thus, it can be seen that the gravity of the solar system planets range from 0.38g on Mercury and Mars to 2,528g on Jupiter. The gravitational force on the Moon is even lower, 0.1654g allowing us to test some fun experiments that are similar to the zero gravity environment.

Our ancestors and all humanity have lived for millions of years in a gravity environment of 1g, so what difference will we have if we live on a planet with gravity equal to half the number? Understanding these numbers and the effects of different gravity environments allows us to be well prepared for space travel, especially missions to enter deep space and land the planet.