Space Science: The order of 8 (or 9) planets in the Solar System

Since the discovery of Pluto in 1930, school-age children will learn about our nine children. Since the late 1990s, all have begun to change, astronomers argue about " Is Pluto a planet ?"

In a controversial decision, the International Astronomical Union finally made a decision in 2006, calling Pluto the " dwarf planet " , removing it. from the list of " real planets " included in our solar system. Therefore, there are only 8 planets in the solar system .

Planets in the solar system are described by an illustration on NASA computers, not showing orbit and size.(Image source: NASA).

However, astronomers are now looking for another planet in our solar system, a " ninth planet ", after evidence of the planet's existence is published. on January 20, 2016. Scientists call it the " 9th Planet ", about 10 times the mass of the Earth and 5,000 times the mass of Pluto.

Below is the order of 8 (or 9) planets, starting from the planet closest to the Sun and working outside through the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune - and " 9th planet " (Planet Nine ).

If the emphasis is on having Pluto, the planet will be behind Neptune in the list. Pluto actually got out of this list because " the inclination is too big ", has elliptical orbits (two of the reasons it was excluded from the list ). In fact, the interesting thing is that the Pluto planet used to be the eighth planet. For a better understanding, please read the information below:

Terrestrial planets

Planet Earth.

The four planets located inside are called " earth planets " , because like the Earth, the surface of these planets is all rock. Pluto also has a solid surface (and this surface is very cold ) but never gets into the same group as the other four planet earths.

Jupiter-type planets (Jovian planets)

The planet and ice.

Four large planets located outside - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - are known as "Jupiter-like planets " ( meaning "Jupiter-like" - Jupiter-like ) . Because, all of these planets are very large compared to earth planets and have natural gas, not rock surfaces ( "Although some or all of them may have solid cores") According to NASA, " two of the planets lie outside the orbit of Mars - Jupiter (Saturn) and Saturn (Saturn) - called giant gas planets , further, Uranus and Neptune are called giant ice planets ". This is because the first two planets are gas, and the last two planets are ice. All four planets contain mainly hydrogen and helium.

The dwarf planet

According to the definition of the International Astronomical Society (IAU) about moving an official planet like this: A planet around the Sun that is not a satellite of another planet, big enough to be rounded by gravity alone (but not too big when starting to undergo nuclear fusion, such as a star ) and " cleaning up the neighborhoods " of most other orbital objects. Yes, it's a " piece ".

The problem with the dwarf planet Pluto , besides its small size and unusual trajectory, is that it shares its space with many other objects in the Kuiper belt , outside of Neptune. However, the "demotion" of Pluto from the list is still controversial.

The definition given by IAU International Astronomical Society for other small circular planets in dwarf planets, including Celestial Kuiper Belt objects, Eris, Haumea and Makemake (are large enough planets) .

In addition, there is another dwarf planet, Ceres , a circular object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. In fact, Ceres dwarf planet is considered only one planet when it was discovered in 1801 and then it was called an asteroid h. Some astronomers want to consider Ceres dwarf planet as the 10th planet ( not to be confused with planet Nibiru or planet X ) , but if this is the case, it is possible that the Solar system has 13 planets , with many hidden to discover.

The planets

Here is a brief overview of the 8 main planets in our solar system , in order from inside to outside:

Mercury (Mercury)

Mercury is only slightly larger than the Earth's Moon.

Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, only slightly larger than the Earth's Moon. Its daytime face is heated by the sun, which can reach 450 degrees C ( 840 degrees F ), but at night, the temperature drops to hundreds of degrees, below freezing. Mercury has almost no air to absorb the effects of meteorites, so its surface is "pitted" with many large holes, like the moon. Over the four-year mission, NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft revealed the scene of those planets that challenged astronomers' expectations.

1. Discovery : Known by ancient Romans and Greeks and can be observed with the naked eye.
2. Named after : Messenger of Roman gods
3. Diameter : 4,878km
4. Orbit : 88 Earth days
5. Date : 58.6 Earth days

Venus (Venus)

Southern hemisphere of Venus, observed in the ultraviolet region.(Image source: ESA).

The second planet from the Sun, Venus is an extremely hot planet, even hotter than Mercury. The atmosphere of this planet is very toxic. Pressure on the surface of Mercury will crush and kill you.

Scientists describe Venus's position as a runaway greenhouse effect . The size and structure of Venus are similar to those of the Earth, the dense, toxic atmosphere holds heat in the out of control "greenhouse effect ." But strangely, Venus turns slowly in the opposite direction to most other planets.

The Greeks assumed that Venus had two different objects - one in the morning and two in the evening. Because it is often brighter than any other object in the sky - except for the sun and moon - Venus has caused numerous reports of unidentified flying object (UFO ).

1. Discovery : Known by ancient Romans and Greeks and can be observed with the naked eye.
2. Named after : Roman goddess of love and beauty
3. Diameter : 12,104km
4. Orbit : 225 Earth days
5. Date : 241 Earth days

Earth

Earth image taken from Russian weather forecast satellite Elektro-L No.1.(Photo source: NTsOMZ).

The third planet from the Sun, Earth is a water planet ( Waterworld ), with two-thirds of the planet covered by the ocean and the only known planet to exist. The Earth's atmosphere is rich in nitrogen and oxygen to sustain life. The Earth's surface rotates around its axis at 467 meters per second - about 1,000 mph (1,600 kph) - at the equator. The planet rotates around the Sun at 29km per second.

1. Diameter : 12,760km
2. Orbit : 365.24 days
3. Date : 23 hours, 56 minutes

Mars (Mars)

Mars researchers are focusing on two sensors on Earth and the planet orbiting it to better understand methane sources on the Red planet.(Photo source: Space telescope).

The fourth planet from the Sun, Mars is a cold, rocky planet. Dirt is an iron oxide, which is present abundantly on the planet's surface making its surface appear with a characteristic red color. The planet Mars has similarities with the Earth: the surface of the rock, the mountains and the valley, and the storm system that stretches from the location of cyclone storms - like the whirlwind carrying dust - to the bouts Dust storm engulfs the planet. Dust covered the surface of Mars and the planet Mars filled with frozen water. Scientists believe that the planet Mars will be flooded with liquid water as soon as the temperature heats up, although it is now a cold and desert-like planet.

Mars's atmosphere is too thin for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface at any time. Scientists believe that the ancient planet of Mars had conditions of life and hoped that the signs of past life - even in present-day biology - could exist in onions. Red crystal .

1. Discovery : Known by ancient Romans and Greeks and can be observed with the naked eye.
2. Named after : Roman god of war.
3. Diameter : 6,787km.
4. Orbit : 687 Earth days.
5. Date : Just over one Earth day (24 hours, 37 minutes).

Jupiter (Jupiter)

A close-up shot of Jupiter's "Great Red Spot - Great Red Spot" by the Voyager spacecraft.(Image source: NASA / JPL-Caltech).

The fifth planet from the Sun, Jupiter ( Jupiter ) is a huge, largest planet in our solar system. Jupiter is a giant planetary gas , containing mainly hydrogen and helium gas. The outer atmosphere appears with many cloud bands at different heights, as a result of aerodynamic turbulence and interaction with storms at the boundary. One outstanding feature is the Great Red Spot , a giant storm known to exist at least hundreds of years ago. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field, with dozens of moons around it, it looks like a miniature Solar system.

1. Discovery : Known by ancient Romans and Greeks and can be observed with the naked eye.
2. Named : Greek & Roman Mythology.
3. Diameter : 139,822km.
4. Orbit : 11.9 years of Earth.
5. Day : 9.8 hours Earth.

Saturn (Saturn)

Actual color image of Saturn.(Image source: NASA / JPL / Space Science Institute).

Saturn is the sixth planet based on the average distance from the Sun, best known as its belt. When Galileo Galilei first studied Saturn, in the early 1600s, he thought that Saturn was a three-part object. Not knowing Galileo Galilei had seen a planet with a belt, astronomers were confused when looking at miniature drawings - the planet had a large satellite and two small satellites - in Galileo Galilei's note , as a noun in the sentence used to describe discovery.

More than 40 years later, Christiaan Huygens used telescopes with greater magnification, he discovered that this is a belt, not a satellite as Galileo once thought. The belts are made of stone and ice. Scientists are still not sure how Saturn is formed. This gas giant contains mainly hydrogen and helium. In addition, Saturn has many moons.

1. Discovery : Known by ancient Romans and Greeks and can be observed with the naked eye.
2. Named after : Roman agricultural god.
3. Diameter : 120,500km.
4. Orbit : 29.5 years of Earth.
5. Date : About 10.5 hours Earth.

Uranus (Uranus)

Uranus shows up in the same color as Voyager 2 in 1986. Uranus's color reflects the presence of high-altitude chemical hydrocarbon dust, above the methane clouds.Cyan color is due to the absorption of methane.Photo source: Lawrence Sromovsky, (University of Wisconsin-Madison.), Keck Observatory.

The seventh planet from the Sun, Uranus is a unique planet. It is the only giant planet with an equator perpendicular to its orbit and almost parallel to the planet's orbit. Astronomers believe that the planet collides with some other objects of the same size as the previous planets, causing tilt. The inclination causes severe seasons that last more than 20 years and the orbital cycle of Uranus with 84 years of Earth. Uranus has the same size as Hai Vuong Tinh. The methane in the atmosphere makes Uranus green - blue and has many moons, fuzzy belts.

1. Discovery : William Herschel in 1781 (Herschel once thought it was a star).
2. Named after : The god of the ancient Greeks.
3. Diameter : 51,120km.
4. Orbit : 84 years of Earth.
5. Day : 18 hours Earth.

Neptune (Neptune)

Neptune's wind speed reaches more than 1,500 mph and the fastest planetary winds in the solar system.(Image source: NASA / JPL).

The eighth planet from the Sun, Neptune is known for its strongest winds - sometimes even faster than the speed of sound. Neptune is located far and cold. This planet is 30 times farther away from the Earth from the Sun. Neptune is the first planet to predict existence using mathematics, before it is discovered. The abnormality in Neptune's orbit led to Alexis Astronomer Alexis Bouvard 's suggestion to some other astronomers that might be an attractive attraction. The German astronomer - Johann Galle uses calculations to assist in determining Hai Vuong Tinh by telescope. Neptune is about 17 times larger than Earth.

1. Discovery : in 1846.
2. Named after : Roman god of water.
3. Diameter : 49,530km.
4. Orbit : 165 years of Earth.
5. Day : 19 hours Earth.

Pluto (Dwarf Planet - Dwarf Planet)

Pluto and its moons orbit the sun near the edge of the solar system.(Image source: SPACE.com/Karl Tate).

Pluto is the 9th planet from the Sun, it is unlike other planets in many characteristics. Pluto is smaller than the planet's Moon. Pluto's orbit is in Neptune's orbit and then, separated from that trajectory. From 1979 to the beginning of 1999, Pluto was officially the 8th planet from the Sun. But then, on February 11, 1999, she followed the path of Neptune and returned to the farthest planet in the solar system - until it was " dropped" as a dwarf planet.

Pluto dwarf planet is 228 years from Hai Vuong Tinh. Pluto's orbit is tilted relative to the main plane of the solar system - where other planets orbit - about 17.1 degrees. It is a cold, rocky planet with a very fleeting atmosphere. NASA's New Horizons mission carried out the first historic supernova train on Pluto on July 14, 2015.

1. Discovery : Clyde Tombaugh in 1930.
2. Named after : Hell's God of Rome, Hades.
3. Diameter : 2,301km.
4. Orbit : 248 years of Earth.
5. Date : 6.4 Earth days.

Planet Nine (Planet Nine)

The ninth planet orbits the Sun at a distance 20 times farther than Neptune's orbit. In particular, Hai Vuong's orbit is 49,530km from the sun to the nearest point. The planet's orbit is about 600 times more exotic than the Sun's orbit from the star.

Scientists cannot observe the ninth planet directly. The existence of the ninth planet is observed by its gravitational effect on other planets in the Kuiper belt, an area that is far from the system. The sun - where frozen objects remain from the birth of the sun and planets.

Scientist Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena describe evidence of planet 9 in a study published in the Journal of Astronomy. This study is based on mathematical models and computer simulations based on observations in six other Kuiper Belt belt bodies that are smaller than the appropriate orbit in a similar problem.

Additional collaborator Nola Taylor Redd's report on Space.com.