Black hole and Hawking paradox

Stephen Hawking is the most famous scientist on the planet. His well-known book, A Brief History of Time, was released when it was released.

The book stands on the list of best-selling books longer than any other book in history.

But behind that well-known face are the arguments that have been controversial for 30 years.

Hawking suddenly became famous in physics when he gave mathematical proof to the Big Bang theory. This theory suggests that the whole universe originates from one point, an indeterminate point with an infinite density and an infinite attraction.

Hawking demonstrated this with the algorithm developed by Roger Penrose. However, Penrose's algorithm was developed not to explain the beginning of things but to explain the black hole.

Professor Stephen Hawking.

Science has long predicted that if a sufficiently large star is lost, all the remaining matter of that star will be pushed into an infinitely small point with infinite gravity and infinite density.

Hawking realized that the universe was nothing more than a black hole universe; instead of being compressed into an infinite point, the universe formed when a point was expanded to create everything we see today - from stars to planets and humans. .

Hawking realized that in order to understand the universe thoroughly, he had to unravel the mysteries of the black hole. Hawking and physicists working with him participated in a mysterious intellectual expedition - understanding the black hole.

The period from the early 70s to the early 80s was known as the "golden age" of studies of black holes. Gradually, physicists came to better understand nature.

But Hawking realized something was missing for the panorama. All studies of black holes until now have used the physical theory of the universe.

After months of research, Hawking had a great discovery. The mathematical equations showed him that something came out of the black hole.

This seems impossible - because everyone thinks that for black holes, only objects fall into it, but nothing can come out of it, including light.

The more he checked, the more Hawking believed he was right. He could see the radiation emanating from the black hole. This radiation is later called Hawking radiation . This led him to conclude that these radiation would evaporate the black hole and eventually disappear.

Although Hawking's theory of black holes is revolutionary, they are also widely accepted.

Shocking discovery

Hawking felt that his research might have even greater results.

In 1976, he published an article in Physical Review D entitled "Failure of predictability in the collapse of gravity" ".

In this article, he says it is not only the black hole that disappears. According to him, information about everything that once was in the black hole also disappeared.

According to him, information about everything that once was in the black hole also disappeared.

In everyday life, we are used to losing information, but according to physicists, this does not happen, because according to them, information is never really lost but only becomes difficult to find. only

The reason physicists cling to the idea that information cannot be lost is because of their relationship to the past or future. If the information is lost, scientists will never know the past and guess the future.

For years, no one paid attention to Hawking's idea, until that fateful meeting in San Francisco.

Hawking presented his opinion to some of the world's leading physicists, and among the listeners were two particle physicists, Gerard t'Hooft and Leonard Susskind.

These two people were very surprised. They all gasped at Hawking's theory that it was not only applied to black holes but also to all processes in physics.

According to Susskind, if Hawking's idea is correct, it will affect the whole physics; there will be no direct connections between cause and effect. Physics will become impotent.

Since that workshop, "information paradox" has been considered one of the most basic and complex problems in physics.