Features magic 'graphene' material

Perhaps this year's Nobel Prize was awarded to scientists at the two opposite ages, one of the oldest - Robert Edwards, 85 years old on a project that was born about 50 years ago and people of the type youngest, born after him for nearly half a century, Kostantin Novoselov - 36 years old.

The age of graphene invention is also too young. The laurel wreath came with the authors of the invention, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, it was too early, only 6 years. While the Nobel Prize for Medicine came to Robert Edwards too late, only after the success was so resounding and it brought happiness to the '4 million families' worldwide.

Andrei Geim (left) and Konstantin Novoselov are two scientists awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. (Photo: Daily Mail)

However, it is not too early in terms of the fact that it has been fully challenged in practice and has become increasingly promising that one of its authors has successfully invented. Previous polymer. At first, the polymer did not know what the application was, but then it opened a whole new era in human history (the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and now in the material age. synthetic).

Now, graphene invention is a ' brilliant rock star ' in the material world (like CEE magazine's way of saying) or more images, people judge it as Christopher Colombus found America.

So, what is Graphene?

We already know pure carbon in nature exists as graphite (graphite) and diamond. But in the laboratory, it was successfully synthesized of two more pure forms of carbon that were not present in Nature, fulleren (with its invention. Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. in 1996) and graphene (derived from graphite + ene) - ' character ' of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene are flat, single-layer two-dimensional sheets, on which carbon is joined together into a honeycomb-shaped network (regular hexagon) by sp2 bonding, 0.142 nanometers in length. If you are a chemist, graphene is considered a special member of flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Graphene is known since the invention of X-ray crystallography (X-ray crystallography). However, no one mentioned it, until 2004, was " changed life " by the two talented physicists from Russia and worked at Manchester University, England. They split graphene in the form of an unprecedented thin layer of material, the size of an atom and determine its ' magic ' properties.

Their invention immediately led to an ' explosion ' of new material research and a central position in the scientific world. It is estimated that in 2007, multidisciplinary scientists published more than 1,000 graphene-related research projects. Last month, in a Conference of the American Physical Society, there were 374 new research projects on graphene.

Magical properties lead to special application of graphene

Magical features have made graphene a special application ability. (Photo: Internet)

Graphene has many properties that have never been seen before in other materials, and its performance measures are shocking in the physical, chemical and special, electronics fields.

In terms of physical properties, graphene is an extremely hard substance, more than diamond, more than 200 times more durable than steel, but in single-layer form is as flexible as a piece of plastic, can be bent, folded or rolled into a tube. . It transparent allows at least 90% of light to pass through, the lower resistance of a standard transparent conductor, indium-tin oxide, should open a wide range of applications in the production of high quality touch screens, Solar cells, energy storage devices, mobile phones and gradually can replace silicon in the field of high-speed computer chip manufacturing.

It leads electrons faster than any known material, like the motion of a weightless particle of relativity (the relativistic massless particle) is the photon. Since then it has become a material to perform in the laboratory to re-examine the predictions of relativistic quantum mechanics that were previously thought to be observable only in particle and hole accelerators. black.

In the field of manufacturing microelectronic devices, thanks to their unique properties, graphene transistors have created very diverse and superior components, meeting the needs of many devices that are not specialized. subjects, it is difficult to imagine. The integrated circuits (ICs) using graphene have shrunk to the maximum size but still ensure (and improve) the features of microelectronic devices - a micro-directional (micronization) device that is underway.

Recent biology industry also ' looks ' to graphene. People are designing electronic devices on the basis of graphene-based components for analyzing DNA and human and plant genomes in the hope that they will be more productive and accurate. The Chinese Academy of Sciences also discovered graphene oxide plates with high antiseptic properties and are capable of being used as food containers for long-term preservation.

It is the successes in applied research that quickly deploy the results into practice. The graphene industry has exploited these methods of synthesizing materials on an industrial scale (here, chemical methods play an important role) and production costs are decreasing.

For example, in 2008 graphene is considered to be one of the most expensive products in the past, a graphene piece is about the size of a hair for $ 1,000 ($ 100,000,000 / cm2) now. Chemical companies have been able to produce on an industrial scale tons, and the cost of coating silicon carbide is only $ 100 / cm2.

That incident alone shows how people " rush into " that precious material. Scientists also focus on denaturing it by chemical methods to obtain other necessary features for the purpose of identifying and diversifying human life.