How do unmanned ships work?

Unmanned trains operate through Communication Based Train Control (CBTC - Communication-based train control) technology. This system facilitates communication between trains and track equipment to manage all rail traffic.

There has been a lot of interest around self-driving cars in recent years. However, creating this technology requires the use of complex algorithms and a deep understanding of traffic conditions, safety regulations, human driving psychology, contours and many variables. other.

On the other hand , driverless ships are much simpler to design and build than driverless trucks or cars. Navigating a train is simpler because its path is completely confined to the rail network. So train operators don't need to worry about other trains jostling in and out of its path, unlike car drivers.

Different levels of train automation

Unmanned ships are much simpler to build than driverless cars.

Driver-controlled mode: the train is controlled without any support system. The train driver controls the train based on vision, while fixed light signals control railway operations. This is a popular system for train travel in major cities around the world.

Partially automatic mode: the driver controls the steering and braking of the train manually. However, the train's protection system continuously monitors its speed. In addition, statistical information about the current movement orders of other trains in the network is continuously displayed on the driver's cab for support.

Semi-automatic mode: the driver's only job is to start the engine. The autopilot system will take over all the work afterwards. It has complete control over the movement of the train between two stations, including the precise stopping of the train at the platform as well as the opening and closing of the doors.

Driverless mode:  the automatic driving system has the ability to fully control departures, moving between stations, stopping trains automatically as well as opening and closing doors. If necessary, the doors can be automatically reopened according to the system's analysis of the situation. In case of large passenger numbers, additional trains will automatically be put into operation at the touch of a button. However, the train driver still needs to be on board to intervene in emergencies or unusual situations, such as system failures.

Unmanned unmanned mode:  all train operations are completely controlled and monitored automatically, just like in unmanned mode, except that there is no train driver or attendant on board ship. The train can automatically couple and uncouple trains, bogey stabilization, extended remote control and remote repair options as additional controls, along with all controls in driverless mode .

The technology behind driverless automation

Unmanned ships save energy by optimizing acceleration, traction.

The technology used on driverless trains is called Communication Based Train Control (CBTC - Communication Based Train Control). This technology involves communication between trains and on-track equipment to manage all rail traffic. This method determines train position, misalignment, and track stability more accurately than traditional signaling systems. This ensures greater efficiency and safety for both equipment and passengers.

Conventional subway tracks require signals and train operator intervention, while CBTC-enabled train functions rely solely on human-provided data and its own understanding. In most CBTC railway networks, data transmission between trains and trackside equipment is performed using a wireless signaling network, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM-R) and wireless local area network (WLAN).

Driverless trains save energy by optimizing acceleration, traction, smooth braking and controlled power output. Based on route data generated by the control center, the system automatically calculates exactly where and how to accelerate or brake the train to calculate arrival and departure times with maximum accuracy. Train drivers may be employed as train attendants to serve passengers and act immediately in the event of an emergency.

Additional features help driverless technology succeed

To realize driverless train technology, additional systems such as track monitoring systems, platform monitors, intrusion avoidance systems and remote sensing systems are essential.

Such systems eliminate the risk of accidents on the tracks and significantly improve system efficiency. If a passenger activates the emergency brake, the control center can assess the situation on the train with support for monitoring the passenger area. Smoke detectors inside the train and on the tracks will report to the control room in the event of a fire. This allows the system to understand the situation, making necessary and quick stops.

Long distance railway system

Long-distance railways have certain challenges that urban railways do not face. These challenges include animal encroachment, harsh weather conditions, and cars blocking the path of trains on the railway. However, unmanned ships can still be successful in such cases, even when the Operational Control Center is many miles away.

Driverless railway networks allow computers to control the system and allow them to reach inaccessible places by setting up sensors and detectors throughout the railway line. This provides effective and unbiased control over the entire network. While there is always a risk of network failure because every system has vulnerabilities, it is important to choose the system with the fewest vulnerabilities. So driverless trains with railway attendants would be better for long-distance railway systems.