How will a large particle accelerator decipher the mystery of the universe?

What is particle accelerator and how important is it?

Located 100 meters deep underground in the border of France and Switzerland is the world's largest machine, built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research. This machine is called: Large Hardon Collider . Large particle accelerator is built by the dedication of thousands of scientists, from all over the world. This synergistic conception is intended to turn a large particle accelerator into a tool to access new knowledge in the universe through the study of elementary particles. What are the basic particles?

Certainly concepts such as protons, neutrons, and electrons are no stranger to common chemistry lessons. And they are a basic particle. For those who are working in the field of quantum physics, it is possible to know a series of long list of other nuts only in research papers such as Fermion, Quark . Only with a simple google movement is able to find information of a variety of basic nuts on the web. Physicists have named these discovered basic particles " observed matter" . What does this name mean?

If there is material visible, there will be material that has not been seen. Indeed, after hundreds of years of studying the universe, scientists have come to the conclusion that the human particles discovered and monitored only account for . 4% of the total Material exists in the universe. That means there are hundreds of other protons, neutrons and electrons in the universe that people do not know. Scientists name the basic types of particles that humans have not found to be "dark matter".

Another very interesting information is that "visible material" and "unseen material" account for only about 25% of the cosmic component. The rest belongs to a "dark energy" force . Based on the statistics, it is clear that what humanity knows about the universe is still too small. If you exploit the potential of these new types of materials and energy, the appearance of super durable, super flexible materials like Spider man's spider silk, armor for iron man flying birds . iron How do large particle accelerators help people discover new basic particles?

The principle of operation of a large particle accelerator is based on the collision of two molecules moving in opposite directions: 1 molecule will go counterclockwise, 1 molecule goes counterclockwise. These two molecules are accelerated at nearly the speed of light, then collide with each other. By studying this phenomenon of collisions, scientists can study the properties of new elementary particles, new sets of theories in the field of nuclear physics and quantum physics.

The main component of a large particle accelerator is a circular tunnel, with a circumference of 18km. This tunnel contains two proton beams going in opposite directions. On this circle, this large particle accelerator has placed analyzers of events that occur when protons collide with each other. Here are 6 analysis points in a large particle accelerator:

1. ATLAS - one of two multi-purpose analyzers. ATLAS will be used to find new physical signs, including the source of mass and auxiliary dimensions.
2. CMS - another multi-purpose analyzer, similar to ATLAS, will scour the Higgs particles and look for clues to the nature of dark matter.
3. ALICE - will study a "liquid" form of matter called quark-gluon plasma , a form of very short existence after the Big Bang.
4. LHCb - compare the amount of matter and antimatter created in the Big Bang. LHCb will try to find out what happened to "lost" antimatter.
5. TOTEM - measuring dimensions of protons and LHC's luminosity (roughly translated: brightness of large particle accelerators). In quantum physics, brightness affects the accuracy of a large particle accelerator in creating conflicts.
6. LHCf - natural cosmic ray study.

Large particle accelerator model

In essence, this large particle accelerator is part of the entire molecular accelerator device. Therefore, the analysis of proton collisions in LHC large particle accelerators can be summarized in the following 2 stages:

Stage 1: Before entering a large term accelerator

The proton itself of molecules usually does not exist in a single form but comes with molecules. Thus the proton needs to be removed from the first molecule. Speeding up the proton to a speed of approximately 99% of the speed of light is not as simple as turning the throttle to accelerate a motorbike. The process before entering a large particle accelerator can be summarized briefly as follows:

1. Separating proton from the molecule.
2. Acceleration in LINAC2 - acceleration block 1.
3. Acceleration in PS Booster - acceleration block 2.
4. High-speed acceleration in SPS - accelerator block 3. After finishing acceleration in SPS, the beam will be sprayed into a large particle accelerator clockwise and counterclockwise.

Stage 2: In large particle accelerators

Since the proton beam is fired at a large particle accelerator, it will travel about 11,245 rounds. During the 20-minute beam around the large particle accelerator, the machine will be accelerated continuously until the speed near the speed of light is reached. After a 20-minute period of achieving maximum velocity, the proton beam is in the same direction and the opposite proton beam will collide at convergent points. Uncontrolled protons will continue to be accelerated to allow rear collisions. Phenomenon will be recorded and analyzed at the 6 analysis points as above.

This large particle accelerator is associated with extremely impressive numbers. There are 9600 specialized magnets used to accelerate protons. These magnets are placed in a cold environment of 1.9 degrees Kenvin (ie negative about 271.56 degrees, even cooler than space vacuum). When operating a large particle accelerator, the environment for the moving electrons to achieve absolute vacuum because only one gas molecule enters, the entire experiment will fail. The entire system of large particle accelerators consists of 150 million sensors.

Data collected after 1 year of experimenting up to 15 petabytes, equivalent to the capacity of . 1000,000 DVDs. Large particle accelerators consume up to 800,000 MWh, equivalent to 19 million Euro a year. The electricity bill number for this large particle accelerator is in case the machine does not work in winter. Finally, the value of the entire large particle accelerator project is $ 6 billion.

Because large particle accelerators are used in environments with extremely high energy levels, many people believe that this large particle accelerator can destroy the world. Some people were even frightened to the point of filing a lawsuit against the European nuclear organization in protest at the operation of a large particle accelerator. Some of the reasons are: large particle accelerators can create artificial cosmic black holes that swallow Earth; Large particle accelerators can alter the gravity of the Earth; altering the Earth's magnetic pole .

Despite such risks, the scientific association has made statements about the threat of threatening the Earth as only a very small probability. The higher the benefit, the greater the risk. Based on the past achievements of large particle accelerators, it is likely that the future will have more research results in the field of quantum physics. And maybe some of those studies are used to create the . treasures like the magic bags of Doremon cat cats.