New physical phenomenon creates a big breakthrough

Graphene is an unusual form of carbon, consisting of an atomic layer and increasingly discovering the surprising new properties of the miraculous material that gave these two Nobel prize-winning physicists. .

In the new issue of Science , a group of American scientists from various research institutes is chaired by Michael Krommi, Institute of Materials Research at the Lawrence National Laboratory and Professor of University Physics at the University. University of California at Berkeley has published a great work in science.

They created a pseudomagnetic field much more intense than any magnetic field created in the laboratory by stretching a thin graphene film.

Krommi wrote: ' We have demonstrated experimentally that stretching graphene creates nanoscale bubbles on platinum, in which the electrons have the same properties as they are affected by the magnetic induction field. 300 Tesla while there is no magnetic field.

It is a completely new physical phenomenon, unprecedented in Basic Science '. The current record for creating a permanent magnetic field in the laboratory with a traditional method of 85 Tesla, the higher the magnets, will be destroyed.

In this case, there is no magnetic field but electrons are still " behaving " like when placing them in a magnetic field with an extremely high magnetic flux of hundreds of Tesla, which is greater than the magnetic field of the Left. tens of millions of times.

It was the idea of ​​creating a magnetic dummy field by distorting graphene that was mentioned by theoretical physicists not too long ago, for example in early 2010, Spanish physicist Francisco Guinea, Institute of Physics. whether Madrid has predicted that when stretching graphene in three directions of the crystal, the electrons in it will "behave" as if placed in an extremely strong magnetic field. The cause of this phenomenon is that the length of the bond between the atoms is altered, so between them free electrons can move easily.

Guinea is also one of the authors of this study.

In classical physics, electrons move in magnetic fields in xiclotron orbits (cyclotron orbit). In quantum mechanics, the orbitals are quantized and divided into discrete energy levels called Landau energy levels.

The number of electrons at the levels depends on the strength of the magnetic field - the stronger the magnetic field, the more electrically 'electrons' get in and the more electrons at each level. It is also this formation when graphene deforms without a magnetic field.

This bizarre phenomenon was discovered almost by chance when studying graphene layers on platinum base by scanning tunneling microscopy. After discovering the unusual phenomenon of electricity in graphene, Krommi proved their theory to be a completely different matter from the theory of Antonio Castro-Neto, Boston University.

The microscope also showed that the appearance of nano-bubbles (nanobubble) on the graphene surface - the deformation of the triangle in the form of pyramidal pyramids, from 4 to 10 nanometers in length. The destruction of the density of the electron state involves these bubbles. Effect occurs at room temperature.

The work will open many broad prospects in science and technology, promising to bring many new theories and inventions in basic science - all based on the very unique properties of graphene. .

In addition to Krommi, Guinea and Castro-Neto, the authors of the project are Niv Levi, Sara Berk, Casey Miker, Melissa Panlasigvi and Alex Zettle.