Prototype with 'positioning controller'

A group of scientists at Princeton University have studied the protein sequence on living organisms like highly adaptable machines, capable of regulating the organism's own evolution.

According to scientists, this research project has provided evidence of a mechanism hidden deep within organisms to match natural selection, creating an internal relationship of evolutionary law.

Researchers Raj Chakrabarti, Herschel Rabitz, Stacey Springs and George McLendon have made new discoveries while performing a protein-based experiment that creates the electron transfer chain (ETC), a biochemical network essential to the process. metabolically. A mathematical analysis of experiments shows that protein will work on its own to cure unbalanced passages through the process of artificial transformation and restoring protein sequences in the right order.

'Discovering the answer to a question has been a headache for biologists since Darwin. How can organisms be so complicated while evolution is completely random, acting like 'blind people see the time', according to Chakrabarti, a scholar at the Department of Chemistry of the University. Princeton remarked. 'Our hypothesis is extended from Darwin's model, demonstrating how the organism can control the surfaces in evolution that occur in the right order. must be random. '

This article further clarifies the problem that arises in an 1858 article by Alfred Wallace, who was the one who with Charles Darwin discovered the theory of evolution. Wallace once suspected that the natural selection system could adjust its evolution in a way like a steam engine centrifuge, reviewing and correcting non-normative places before they become clear'. At Wallace's time, the steam engine operated with a centrifugal control was one of the examples related to its output regulator. However, there are many other examples that can be found in modern technology, including automatic controllers and thermostats at home or at work offices.

This study was published in the book 'Natural law research articles', providing clear evidence for Wallace's idea, Rabitz said. 'What we see is that different types of biological structures exist that can drive evolution in the right direction. The information suggests implies that we all have such an amazing machine inside and that it always responds to the pressure of evolution. '

The authors sought to identify the underlying cause for self-repair of protein sequences. The theory of standard evolution does not give a specific rule. Applying the concepts in this theory, an organization that specializes in the functioning of functional systems, researchers have come to the conclusion that the sequence of self-repairing proteins can only happen when In the early days of evolution, proteins developed a self-regulation mechanism, similar to automotive search controllers or home automatic thermostats, that allowed them to coordinate and regulate the process. evolution later. Scientists are calculating a general theory based on this discovery they call 'evolutionary controller'.

A baby is watching the black dots on the butterfly's body.'This discovery answers a question that has puzzled biologists since Darwin.How can organisms be so complicated while evolution is completely random, acting like 'blind people see the time' . (Photo of iStockphoto / Sven Klaschik)

Research also seems to stimulate more ideas, according to Charles Smith, a writer of historical science at the University of Kentucky.'The system of ideas throughout the evolutionary research project may have begun with the idea of ​​comparing natural choices with regulators in Alfred Wallace's steam engine - that is like a The mechanism of eliminating inappropriate things and retaining the common ones as the environmental activists, ' Smith added, ' Wallace never really cared about the phase of output adjustment. in the operation cycle, however, to obtain information, through the theory of optimal adjustment Chakrabarti et al. can provide a connection in causal theory at the molecular level that facilitates Wallace's systematic approach to research. '

The theory of evolution, the main theory in modern biology, is seen as a steady change in the process of creating common genes over a period of time. It was a continuous process of change that Wallace and Darwin called 'natural selection'. In this process, species evolved due to random gene mutations or natural selection. Unlike Darwin, Wallace predicted that species could develop their own adaptive capacity with the pressure to evolve. Until this paper, evidence to prove Wallace's prediction still lacks.

Experiments conducted in Princeton's Frick lab focused on studying the protein region in the mitochondria - the heat-generating region of the cell. A protein sequence, forming a sequence, specialized in transporting electrons through the cell's heat-emitting membrane This metabolic process produces ATP, which is the energy needed for life.

Many researchers have worked for decades, including some Princeton researchers like George McClendon - currently working at Duke and Stacey Springs universities - currently working at the technology research institute. Massachusetts, which has supplemented the working mechanism of these proteins, has found that they are moved to the extreme position, running at full speed or at the lowest possible energy level.

Chakrabarti and Rabitz together analyzed the observations of protein responses from a mathematical perspective, concluding that in terms of science it is impossible for the self-repair process to become random, and demonstrate that the observed result is exactly the same as the prediction given by the balance of coordination doctrine. Always operating at the highest level, protein substances have sustained activity with the optimal self-management system according to evolutionary theory.

'In the article, we present what is the first quantitative experiment, since Wallace's first project, essentially applying evolutionary coordination strategies to maximize coordination in the network. Biology , "Chakrabarti said. 'Theory of evolutionary coordination provides a direct explanation for complex observations and shows that evolution is still operating according to the rules that our engineers all know.'

Scientists do not know how the pioneering cell engine in this process was invented but they emphasized that the apparatus cannot respond to more subtle changes, one The argument is very controversial, asserting the change in accordance with the complexity in nature.

Chakrabarti commented on the purpose of evolutionary theory to find the laws of these biological organizations themselves to promote the production of other complex biological structures. 'These rules are always in line with the natural selection rules. Biological changes always tend to occur under random transformation and natural selection, but the key points in this evolutionary history such as these random metabolic processes can be generated. structures that can adjust the next evolutionary process in a more complex and sophisticated way. '

Researchers are still continuing to do their analysis to find balance in other biology. The research was funded by the National Science Institute.