Scientists come up with a new hypothesis about a symmetric universe

Scientists think there is a symmetric version of the universe with a retrograde charge and retrograde time.

Scientists from the University of Waterloo (Canada) hypothesized an "anti-universe" , a parallel universe that works like the universe in which humans live but time runs backwards, before when the Big Bang happened.

The idea assumes that the universe was initially so small, hot, dense, and uniform that time ran in two symmetrical directions. If correct, the hypothesis could explain the origin and expansion of the universe and the existence of dark matter.

3 elements that make up a symmetric universe

To study the hypothesis, scientists have identified three important symmetry components of nature including electric charge (if the interacting particle's charge is flipped to the opposite sign, they still interact in the same way), transverse equals (look at the mirror image of an interaction, they still have the same state) and time (the interaction is the same even though it runs back in time).

The symmetric universe has the same operating state as the universe in which humans live.

Physical interactions mostly follow the above symmetry pattern, which means that deviations can occur. However, physicists have never seen three aberrant symmetry components at the same time. If you take all the interactions observed in nature and flip the charge, look through the mirror image and go back in time, they will behave exactly the same.

According to Live Science, this type of symmetry is called CPT symmetry, where C is the first letter of "charge", P is "parity", and T is "time". .

In a research paper published in the journal Annals of Physics, scientists propose to expand the application of CPT. Normally, this type of symmetry is only for interactions (the forces and fields that make up astrophysics). Meanwhile, the team proposes to apply CPT to the entire universe. If CPT symmetry were extended, people's view of the universe would be very different.

In order to prove the hypothesis, the existence of a parallel universe with opposite charges is needed, which reflects the whole image and that time runs backwards compared to the universe in which humans live. Combining the above factors, the two universes will follow the concept of CPT symmetry.

Symmetrical universe research model

If symmetric universes existed, they could expand and fill with matter particles in a natural way without the need for an inflation event . While there is evidence that such phenomena occurred after the Big Bang, theories about them are scant. That's why there are many theories about how the universe expands over time.

The CPT-style symmetric universe also adds several types of neutrinos, "shady" particles that have no charge and are close to zero mass. There are three known types of neutrinos, electrons, muons, and tau. Interestingly, they are all "left-handed" ( direction of rotation relative to motion), while known physics particles are all left- and right-handed types. Therefore, physicists have long questioned whether there are "right-handed" neutrinos .

The symmetric universe will have a retrograde time compared to ours.

The CPT symmetric universe would need at least one type of "right-handed" neutrino. They are barely visible in physics experiments but only affect the universe through gravity.

More broadly, the type of particle that occurs throughout the universe and interacts only through gravity is very similar to the characteristics of dark matter. If a symmetric universe exists, we can better explain dark matter thanks to "right-handed" neutrinos.

However, humans will not be able to set foot in the symmetric universe because they exist "behind" the Big Bang, before the universe we live in was formed. However, the researchers built models to test the hypothesis.

After observing the research model, the scientists came up with some points of view. First, they suggested that the three "left-handed" neutrinos are Majorana, a fermion and also their own antiparticle (particle with the same mass, but opposite physical parameters). However, physicists have not been able to determine whether neutrinos themselves have antiparticle properties.

The "anti-universe" hypothesis could help people better understand dark matter.

The team also predicted one of the massless types of neutrinos. For now, they can only put an upper limit on the neutrino's mass. If precise measurements and a massless neutrino could be made, the hypothesis of a symmetric universe CPT would be greatly strengthened.

Finally, rapid expansion would not occur in the symmetric cosmological model. Physicists think that this event shook space-time so strongly that it created gravitational waves. Therefore, the CPT symmetric universe would have no gravitational waves. If studies looking for primordial gravitational waves have yielded no results, that could be a clue that the symmetric cosmological hypothesis is correct.