Special points of gravitational waves

Produced by the greatest disturbances in the universe, they do not interact with matter, so they are not hindered when moving are special points of gravitational waves.

Albert Einstein had predicted his gravitation theory of universal relativity a century ago. According to this hypothesis, space and time are intertwined into one being spacetime - creating the fourth dimension in the universe, in addition to the notion of three-dimensional space we had before.

According to AFP, Einstein surmised that matter bends over time through gravity . A common example is to consider spacetime as a shrug, and matter is a ball placed on it. Objects on the surface of shrimps often tend to "fall" towards the center - symbolizing gravity.

As the masses of matter accelerate, as when two black holes rush into each other , they create waves along the spacetime curving around them - just like ripples on the surface of a lake. These waves move at the speed of light in the universe.

The larger the size of the mass, the stronger and easier to detect.

Gravitational waves do not interact with matter so they are not hindered when moving around the universe .

The strongest waves come from the most powerful disturbances in the universe - when two black holes collide, giant stars explode or the birth of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago.

Why is gravitational wave detection important?

Finding evidence of gravitational waves formally provides evidence for one of the important predictions of Einstein's theory of relativity, which changed the way humanity perceives space and time.

Gravitational wave discovery opens up exciting new horizons for astronomy, allowing measurements of stars, galaxies and black holes from far away based on the waves they produce.

On the one hand indirectly, it adds evidence that black holes actually exist (scientists have never directly observed black holes).

New announcements have not discovered primitive gravitational waves (the most difficult to detect). If this wave is found, it will further confirm the theory of "expansion" or expand the size of the universe exponentially.

Primitive waves are believed to be resonating throughout the universe today, though weak. The gravitational wave detection will show us the energy level needed when spatial expansion in the universe occurs, shedding light on the Big Bang.

Why are gravitational waves difficult to detect?

Einstein himself suspected that humanity would never detect gravitational waves because their size was too small. For example, ripples from two black holes that range in size from 1 million km to Earth only have one atom.

Ripples from tens of millions of light-years away will turn 4-kilometer long beams to just the size of a proton.

In 1974, scientists discovered that the orbits of neutron stars in galaxies became smaller when centered around a central mass of matter. This is consistent with the argument that energy is lost through gravitational waves. This discovery was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1993. Scientists believe that this new discovery of gravitational waves may also be awarded a Nobel Prize.

After American physicist Joseph Weber created the first aluminum cylinder-type detector in 1960, decades later, other inventions came out such as telescopes, satellites and laser beams.

The Earth-based telescope and space dedicated to detecting cosmic microwave background radiation - the light left over from the Big Bang , proves that gravitational waves bend and stretch time.

In 2014, American astronomers once reported that they identified gravitational waves through the BICEP2 telescope located in Antarctica. But then, they admitted that they were mistaken.

How can we see them?

The gravitational wave passing through an object will change its shape, stretch and squeeze it in the direction of the moving wave, and leave a very small trace.

To identify gravitational waves, the LIGO team of scientists uses an "L" optical system. The two-part system is located in Louisiana and Washington state. They are responsible for detecting gravitational waves by laser interferometry. Each device is longer than 4 km. The scientists divided the laser light into two perpendicular beams of several kilometers long.

The laser beam is then reflected back and forth between 2 glass plates before being returned to the original point. Any difference in the length of the two perpendicular rays will show the effect of gravitational waves.