Successful reconstruction of retinal cells

US scientists have just recreated mammalian retinal cells. Tests on mice can open new avenues for treating human eye diseases.

Müller glia cells in the retina.Photo: sciencedaily.com.

Located at the back of the eye, the retina is responsible for converting light into nerve impulses to the brain.

Many previous studies have demonstrated that Müller glia, a retinal cell type, can develop in vitro. "This type of cell exists in the retina of all vertebrates, including humans," said Tom Reh, an expert at the University of Washington (USA).

Birds also have the ability to regenerate retinal cells like many other mammalian warm-blooded animals. Whereas fish belonging to cold-blooded animals can produce all types of retinal cells. However, reproducing this type of cell in mice is not an easy task.

The team injected a substance that destroys ganglion (nerve cells near the surface of the retina) and amacrine cells into the eyes. They then injected some chemicals, including growth hormones and insulin, to stimulate Müller glia cell division in the mouse's eyes.

Since the ganglion and amacrine cells were destroyed, Müller glia cells had more space to proliferate. Some cells die within weeks of separation, but some turn into amacrine cells and survive for at least 30 days.

Through this result, Tom asserts that further research can help scientists find some therapies to treat blindness and reduce eyesight in the eyes due to retinal injury, such as degeneration macula.