Take care of mango, pomelo and tangerine for Tet market

Starring:

1. Dr.Trần Văn Hâu - Department of Tree Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, Can Tho University.
2. MSc.Bui Thanh Liem - Head of Economic Department, Cho Lach District, Ben Tre Province.
3. HotelTieu Minh Tam - Head of Technical Transfer Department, An Giang Plant Protection Joint Stock Company - Representative for the coordinating unit to implement the program.

Q: In the context that our country has just joined the WTO, what are the opportunities and challenges for fruit production in this year's Tet market? Want to keep fruits in the domestic and foreign markets, what should the Mekong Delta grow in?

* Response (Dr. Tran Van Hung) : When our country joins the World Trade Organization, there will be many opportunities and challenges. The biggest opportunity is that the export markets will open up to boost production. However, the competitiveness will be more intense not only in the export market but also in the domestic market, which is a significant challenge. The status of fruit production in Vietnam in general and the Mekong Delta in particular is mainly small production, so the potential is weak while competing with those with technical qualifications, very long production and Great potential.

In order to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products in general and fruit trees in particular, the participation of 4 houses is required and the State must have specific production areas planning to have a large volume of export goods. Export, meet market requirements. Currently, our country also has specialized farming areas, but only small-scale production, so we want to have a large output to link farmers together into production groups or cooperatives. Regarding the circulation of goods and customs of people who often sell agricultural products through a lot of intermediaries, their prices have increased very high, products have lost much, losing their competitive advantage. In the coming time, this stage needs to be improved, there must be enterprises that have to buy or have to find a way to approach the market, in order to bring the products they make to consumers, it will be reduced. cost and understand market needs for adaptive production plans. It is necessary to pay attention to the preservation and storage of fruits after harvest to reduce the loss rate, to get goods of quality standards and models, which can be stored for a long time to transport further.

In addition, farmers must also produce goods at low prices and ensure new safety standards can compete with fruit of other countries. Before there are specific processes to produce clean product standards, farmers must comply with the regulations on the use of fertilizers and chemicals in production. It is known that the Thanh Long commune cooperation in Binh Thuan has been recognized as a clean product, believing that other fruits in the Mekong Delta when it is branded, then it is possible to be recognized as such. can do it and thus the competitiveness will be better.

The current price of agricultural products in our country is the highest in the region, so it is very difficult to compete with imported fruits. People need to pay attention to the use of fertilizer reasonably, avoid loss; Do not abuse foliar fertilizers because basically the plants still absorb fertilizer through the roots, so fertilizing is still the main, and in case of necessity, it is necessary to use foliar fertilizer because the price of foliar fertilizer usually high. The use of foliar fertilizer sometimes also has adverse effects, if the fertilizer contains a lot of protein will promote the development of diseases and cause more harm, cost more drug use. People should also pay attention to the use of chemicals according to the correct 4, ensuring products are safe and effective. In particular, during the Lunar New Year often requires fruits with nice designs, the problem of handling the harvest is very necessary, so that the fruits are not pestilent and stored for a long time.

Question: After the storm No. 9, mango and pomelo gardens are causing badly damaged fruits, please guide how to recover?

* Response (MSc Bui Thanh Liem) : The Mekong Delta has just experienced the devastation of the storm No. 9, some orchards suffer very heavy losses and significantly reduce fruit production in the Tet holiday this year. Fruit trees are trees with large leaves, subject to direct effects of storms. The tree has two main sets of fertilizers: the roots are responsible for taking water and fertilizer to feed the stems and leaves and when receiving nutrients from the roots, the leaves will photosynthesize to create feed for the left. So the fruit is good, good or not because the leaves are good or not. Often wind storms will directly affect the leaves, causing the branches to be crushed and the stumps are shaken. Through the typhoon No. 9, many gardens of mangosteen trees in Ben Tre have been planted for over 20 years; many durian gardens have lost fruit, broken branches and citrus orchards have been lost, greatly affecting the garden life. In addition, the indirect impacts caused by the storms still exist, even if the fruits do not fall, but the fruit bearing branches are also distorted and the roots are shaken, it will continue to affect the succession. next.

To overcome the remaining gardens, in the immediate future, farmers should cut leaves to reduce energy consumption but the roots cannot absorb normally as before. Water should be ensured most frequently during the dry season. For trees left, it is possible to provide fertilizer through the leaves because the roots of the plants are weak and it is difficult to suck the fertilizer below.

For other orchards, to prepare for harvest in the Tet season, it is now possible to take care of the roots and apply appropriate fertilizer. People also need to pay attention to preventing pests and diseases so as not to affect the quality, output and fruit design. Do not apply fertilizer in this period too much, especially nitrogen fertilizer will affect fruit quality. For fruits to be harvested on the right occasion of Tet holiday, people can influence technical solutions according to two principles: if ripe fruit early to extend the ripening time of fruits, they must irrigate the garden with enough moisture and apply fertilizer properly. Spraying additional GA3 plus foliar fertilizer will help prolong the ripening time of the fruit. If you want to shorten the ripening time of the fruit to keep it selling, you can draw water in the garden, reduce irrigation water and increase potassium fertilizer to help the fruit color beautiful (spray MKP or foliar fertilizer with lots of potassium).

Ask: Mango is carrying fruit, pushing fertilizer and dropping water in the garden until 10 days later, the fruit will fall, please ask for it due to fecal shock or water? The mango garden is flooded during the rainy season, making it less developed, how to overcome it?

* Response (Dr. Tran Van Hung) : Fertilizing and dropping water for 10 days of mango fruit is due to flooding, not manure shock. When the tree is submerged, the growth of shoots and stems is reduced; Poor absorption and transport of gas. According to some research results, as long as mango trees are flooded for 2-3 days, the transport of gas has decreased, if flooded for more than 10 days, it will take up to 44 days after the new trees recover their normal activities again. If the mango tree is submerged, it is also a way to reduce growth and promote flowering, but here is the stage when the tree is carrying the fruit so the fruit falls off.

The mango garden is flooded during the rainy season, so it is necessary to beat the drainage ditch in the garden and take care of it accordingly. Only when well-ventilated root systems, fertilizer can be absorbed. For plants that do not carry fruits, fertilizer can be applied as follows: Observe when the trees grow old, apply fertilizer to the soil with NPK 20-20-15 fertilizer and add a little protein; when the plant is young, if it is small, weak can provide more foliar fertilizer. For plants bearing fruit, apply fertilizer according to each growth period:

- Post-harvest period: apply NPK fertilizer as if it is not for fruit trees.

- When the plant comes into growth stage to prepare the flowering period, it is necessary to apply fertilizer for flowering and fertilizing with high phosphorus content such as NPK 12-24-12 or specialized fertilizer AT2.

- After stimulating flowering: apply fertilizer to flowering plants, you can use NPK 20-20-25 or 16-16-8 .

- When about 1 month left: top dressing left with specialized fertilizers like AT3 or you can apply NPK in combination with 1: 1 or 2: 1 ratio potassium chloride.

In the process of care, attention should also be paid to the pest problem when the trees are sprouting, blossoming and fruit; use appropriate pesticides to ensure productivity.

Q: When leaves are sick, do scabies suffer from scabies if the water is washed all the way to the plant, will it spread the germ? How to prevent and treat scabies on citrus?

* Answer (MSc Bui Thanh Liem) : Scabies in citrus often occurs very commonly in the rainy season, if not actively treated, it is very difficult. This disease is caused by fungi and often attacks on young fruit, young leaves make the leaves curl and left with rough skin. Prevention and treatment of this disease must be carried out very early and can use copper-based drugs to treat. The disease is easy to recur, so it must be sprayed with a lot of water and repeated repeatedly; Can mix drugs with adhesives. Watering on diseased plants is one of the favorable conditions for disease to develop and spread.

Q: What should I do if I want to extend the period of keeping fruits on orange trees to wait for prices? Orange when harvested, it rains for many days, then the sun falls off, instructions on how to overcome it?

* Response (Dr. Tran Van Hau) : To anchor left, people need to apply many measures: watering enough moisture, adding nitrogen fertilizer or can spray more 2,4D with a concentration of 20ppm combined with GA3 also concentration of 20ppm and potassium chloride fertilizer 0.2%. It should be noted to ensure the recommended concentration because for 2.4D if the higher dose becomes herbicides and causes fruit to fall.

Mixing these substances with such low concentrations is difficult for farmers, because there is no accurate measuring instrument. Therefore, people can make 2 times: the first time into a mother solution with a large amount, then from the mother solution diluted into the solution with the required concentration, it will be more accurate. For example: 1g of chemicals mixed in 1 liter of water will have a concentration of 1 part per thousand, want to have 20ppm ie 20 parts per million will dilute 50 times more.

The left anchoring will cause the tree to become exhausted and affect the ability to flower and fruit in the next crop. When anchoring the fruit for 1-2 months, then people must actively take care of it by stimulating the tree to come back again, maybe 1 or 2 batches depending on the level of depletion of the tree. After harvesting, cut out dried branches, depleted fruit branches, diseased branches . and fertilize with higher amounts of nitrogen such as NPK 16-16-8 or NPK 20-20-15 in combination with a certain amount of urea to promote the growth of the plant. Care should be taken to adequately water and control pests and diseases when plants are sprouted.

In continuous rain conditions, especially those that do not drain well, it will affect the activity of the root system, causing the fruit to fall. It is recommended to create an open and active root environment and, in the long run, apply organic fertilizer to loose soil and drain drains in the rainy season.

Q: How do mangoes do not contain pesticides, yield good and beautiful designs? Can the fruit be covered? How long does it take to ensure safety and how to do it? What kind of fruit bags are the cheapest and where are they sold? Pink tangerine has been colored, what precautions should be taken to protect the fruit well?

* A (Mr. Bui Thanh Liem) : According to the current standards, agricultural products to the market must ensure the safety can be competitive. Safety means that the fruit has no residue of pesticides, no high nitrate content, the fruit must be clean, beautiful and free from harmful microorganisms. In order to produce safe fruits, it is necessary to reduce the amount of nitrogen especially when it is big, reducing the amount of pesticides to ensure the time of isolation and to pay attention to the processing of the harvest to kill the fungus on the left skin.

The fruit bag will prevent some pests, limit the use of pesticides and protect the pods, ensuring a nice design. Carry out the fruit bag when the stage of fruit loss is physiologically lost, ie after fruit set about 30-45 days. Care should be taken before fruit bags should be trimmed and bad fruits treated and pesticides removed. Only 1-2 fruits / bag, not including the beam. On the market today there are 4 types of fruit bags: easy-to-find but poor quality is the oil paper bag, this type is used in sunny conditions will be good, but if you get a lot of rain, it will be easily torn; how many times a cotton bag can be used, but the fruit design is not very beautiful; The type of paperboard with very thin glue paper is suitable to ensure the design left and now there are many manufacturers of this bag; The cheapest type of bag available today is a plastic bag, but it is often difficult to carry out the operation and the wind is too heavy to slip. In my opinion, if calculating the price of 300-400d / thin paper bag, it can still be used to pack good mango fruit without much cost or can use plastic bag but it must be manipulated well.

Tangerine fruits have changed color outside, the inside has also been transformed into a lot of sugar and fragrant, it is this fragrance that will absorb insects to suck. During this period, there was little attack on the fungus, only the chisel was sucked into the fruit. This object is very active at night and should not be sprayed on the fruit, but it should be a trap to lure them: use ripe fruit such as bananas or citrus cut out and apply some insecticides that smell less bad. hanging in the garden, when the chiseled fruit is attracted by the smell of ripe fruit, it will be hit and die.

Q: According to the statistics, the rate of post-harvest losses is 20-30%, so what should gardeners do to reduce this rate of loss?

* Response (Dr. Tran Van Hau) : The problem of post-harvest losses greatly affects the quality and yield of fruits. The cause of post-harvest losses is mainly caused by harmful fungi: on mangoes, if they are not processed the harvest money, anthracnose disease will cause the fruit to be damaged when transported or ripe; On citrus, there are many harmful fungi after harvesting fruits. In order to reduce losses due to harmful diseases, growers need to deal with pre-harvest: spraying anthracnose vaccine on mangoes or for infectious diseases after harvesting must take measures to treat, such as water treatment warm or scented ozone . In addition, post-harvest losses, if stored for a long time, will cause much damage to the fruit or loss of weight. To overcome this problem, it is possible to use different types of bags or use a mixture of different gases to reduce the respiration of the fruit after harvest to help prolong the preservation period.