The 10 most interesting mysteries of lost civilizations (Part 1)

Most Egyptians learned that the Sphinx on the Giza plateau was about 4,500 years old. But this number is only a hypothesis, not a proof.

The exciting unexplored mysteries of lost civilizations

1. The age of the pyramid and the Sphinx Sphinx

According to Robert Bauval, the author of ' Sphinx's Age' then 'does not have any notes, even the inscriptions on cliffs, tombstones or pennies on the papyrus' link the Sphinx with that time period.

So when was it built? The scholar John Anthony West denied the 4,500-year-old figure, he gave evidence that the statue was weathered vertically, which could only be attributed to long immersion in the water (from heavy rains).

Heavy rain in the desert was unimaginable during that time and it only happened 10,500 years ago. This means that Sphinx's age is more than 2 times that of 4,500 people still think. Bauval and Graham Hancock wished to believe that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built about 10,500 years ago - before Egyptian civilization. The question is: Who built them and why?

2. Nazca lines

Famous Nazca lines are engraved on a desert 200 miles west of the Peruvian capital Lima. The 58km long, 1.6km wide plateau, with different lines and blocks has made the scientific world a headache since it was discovered in the 30s of the last century.

These lines are very straight, some roads run parallel to each other, many intersect, making them look like an airstrip of an airport when viewed from above. The writer Erich von Daniken once wrote in the book Chariots of the Gods that they are runways for alien spacecraft.

More interesting are the giant figures of 70 animals carved on the ground, including a monkey, spider and a hummingbird among others. The puzzling thing is that these lines and bricks are so big that one can only recognize their shapes from above. So what is their importance? Many believe that they are used for astronomy purposes, while others believe that the ancients used them in religious ceremonies . A recent theory is that lines lead to precious water resources. So far no one has answered.

3. Location of the Atlantis continent

Today there are many theories about the Atlantis continent . The Atlantis continent has long attracted the attention of many scientific researchers around the world. Based on reliable documents, many different hypotheses have been built about this continent.

Although Atlantis is considered to have reached its peak of more than 11,000 years ago, it only appeared in bibliography about 2,350 years ago, from 359 to 347 years BC. Atlantis is described by the famous Greek philosopher Plato as a beautiful and technologically developed island, but Atlantis' position is ambiguous.

So many people conclude that Atlantis doesn't really exist. Those who argue that it exists then go looking for evidence and clues on every corner of the earth. Prophet Edgar Cayce predicts the ruins of Atlantis lie somewhere near the Bermuda Islands. In 1969, many shapes of rocks found near Bimini Island made people believe that Cayce's prediction was correct.

It is also thought that the Atlantis continent could be found in Antarctica, Mexico, off England and even off Cuba.

4. Calendar of Mayans

Archaeologists have studied to find a solution to the Mayan Long Count calendar.

Through the study of carbon isotopes on a group of materials obtained at the temple in Guatemala , archaeologists affirmed, the Long Count calendar (a kind of calendar with a circle used to calculate the very long period of time) of the Mayans. ended in December 2012. Besides, the Mayan calendar does not make any prophecies about the Apocalypse.

The Mayan era began on August 11, 114, BC. If we match the calendar according to the Gregorian calendar (European calendar) as we use it now, the cycle will end on December 21, 2012 (some studies say that on December 23, the new calendar will match).

Long Count is a complex system, using up to 5 units of time : Bak'tun (144,000 days); K'atun (7,200 days), Tun (360 days), Winal (20 days) and K'in (one day).

The Long Count calendar was used by the Mayans to track events that took place over a long period of time. However, in fact, in the sixteenth century, the Spaniards destroyed the vast majority of Mayan texts, leaving only three books left, making it difficult for the latter to understand. about their culture. This also makes it difficult to study the correlation between the Mayan calendar and the European calendar.

" There are quite a few solutions to this problem, some of them using calendar data, " said a team of researchers led by Douglas J. Kennett, an archeology professor at Pennsylvania State University. history and astronomy ".

Scientists have tried to put the Long Count calendar into the Gregorian calendar with historical events to better understand the correlation between these two types of calendars.

After analyzing the carbon isotope on the wooden carvings of an ancient stone temple in Tikal - the urban center of the ancient Mayan civilization, scientists have a new perspective on the relationship between time periods at the same event of these 2 calendars.

Researchers also found that climate change plays an important role in the development and collapse of ancient Mayans. According to Long Count, the stone calendar includes 13 'Bak'tun' (the largest time unit used by the Maya) equivalent to 400 calendar years that indicated the end time for the Mayans in 2012 and not give any information about Apocalypse. (Of course, if there is a real Apocalypse, then we can't read these lines).

However, Professor Kennett said, " The exact day that the Mayan Long Count calendar ended is still an open question for scientists. Just know, it is a day in December."

5. Mummy at "Hang Ma"

In 1940, the archaeologists Sydney and Georgia Wheeler found a mummy at " Cave Ma" , a cave 15 miles east of Fallon, Nevada.

When they entered the cave, they found the remains of two people wrapped in tulle . A skeleton was buried deeper than the other, the right head and shoulders were still intact.

With the help of locals, Sydney and Georgia Wheeler, there were 67 artifacts excavated in the cave. These antiquities are inspected in Nevada state museum, it is estimated that they are 1,500-2,000 years old. 54 years later, in 1994, an anthropologist from California R. Erv Taylor University re-evaluated 17 antiquities in 'Hang Ma' by mass spectrometry.

The unexpected result was that the mummy had a life of about 9,400 years old. Further research shows that the oldest mummy in North America has the characteristics of the Aino people , a white race living in the North Sea - Japan. Until now, this relationship has not been explained.