The most influential Nobel laureates

Ahead of this year's Nobel Prize ceremony (which will take place in Sweden in December), the Telegraph published a list of Nobel laureates with the greatest influence on the contemporary world.

Marie Curie (1867-1934)

Marie Curie is a member of a family that has won 5 Nobel Prizes in the field of chemistry and physics. She became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in 1903, along with her husband Pierre and a scientist named Henri Becquerel, thanks to research on nuclear radiation.

Marie Curie then became the first to receive two Nobel Prizes when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering radium and polonium along with in-depth studies of radium. She is also one of two Nobel Prize winners in two different fields.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

As the most famous scientist in modern world history, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his contributions to physics, especially his discovery of the law of photoelectric effect.

During his career, Einstein made important contributions in the field of theoretical physics, including the famous theory of relativity. He has published more than 300 scientific works and 150 non-scientific works. He was greatly admired by the physicists, and in 1999 he was named "The Man of the 20th Century" by Time magazine.

Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins

From left to right: Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins

Three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962 by discovering the double helix structure of DNA 9 years earlier. The prize became a subject of controversy due to the death of Wilkins's Rosalind Franklin - in 1958. Many people believe that Franklin deserves the prize. But according to the rules of the Nobel laureate, the honoree must be alive, which means Franklin's merit is not recognized.

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

Scottish doctors and biologists, pharmacists divided the Nobel Medicine Prize together with Ernst Chain and Howard Florey by discovering and separating penicillin - the first antibiotic of mankind - from the same name fungus. Penicillin's ability to treat infections has saved millions of lives.

Fleming is considered to have opened the era of antibiotic use in medicine.

Hermann Joseph Muller (1890-1967)

The American geneticist received the Nobel Medicine Prize in 1946 by finding a way to create mutations using X-ray irradiation. Studies on atomic weapons and objections to the use of weapons This gas turned him into an important political figure not only in the US but around the world.