Young cancers are easily acquired

Cancer rarely occurs in adolescence, such as breast cancer, which is more common in adult women than girls. However, there are several types of cancers that this age is more likely to encounter, such as common testicular cancer in older women than their parents.

The types of cancer that teen groups have in common have a common characteristic: cell-related "body-building" bricks. Cancer occurs when cells grow abnormally and increase in volume. Here are some types of cancers that adolescents can get, including warning signs, symptoms and treatments.

Osteosarcoma - Bone sarcoma

This is the most common form of bone cancer in teenage boys, often appearing during puberty. Men with malignant osteosarcoma are twice as likely to be female and often found in people with average height. The cause may be a gene, or a consequence of another form of cancer, such as retinoblastoma - tumors that grow in the retina may be a precursor to malignant bone tumors. Teenagers receiving radiation therapy to treat other cancers are more likely to develop malignant bone tumors.

The most common symptoms of osteosarcoma are pain and swelling in an arm or leg, sometimes with a tumor. Some people have night pain or exercise. Osteosarcoma usually occurs in the bones around the knee. In rare cases, the tumor may spread from the bone to the nerves and blood vessels in the limb. Metastasis is the term used when a tumor's cells extend beyond the original cancer and "travel" to other tissues and organizations.

The treatment for osteosarcoma is chemotherapy or surgery to remove the tumor. In rare cases, when these measures are ineffective, the doctor may proceed to remove a part or all of the limb. Can remove the cancerous bone and replace it with a special graft or metal piece.

Losing a limb is heartbreaking for young people, but thanks to today's medical achievements, cases of disassembly can be replaced by fake limbs. Most can return to normal life and even play sports.

In the course of treatment, patients find it difficult to avoid side effects such as hair loss, bleeding, infections and problems in the heart and skin. Chemotherapy may also increase the risk of developing other types of cancer later.

Testicular cancer

This is the most common form of cancer in men aged 15-35. Testicular cancer is always cured if detected and treated early. Young men need to learn how to test their testicles regularly to detect any abnormal lumps - the earliest sign of testicular cancer.

White blood disease - blood cancer

White blood disease is one of the most common types of cancer in adolescents, occurs when the number of white blood cells increases abnormally, invades the bone marrow and sometimes infects the bloodstream.

Because these lymphocytes have a defect, they cannot protect the body against infection as usual. In addition, due to their infertility, they invade the bone marrow and prevent the production of other important cells in the blood, such as lymphocytes and platelets.

White blood disease causes bleeding, anemia, bone pain and infection. It can also spread to other organizations such as lymph nodes, liver, brain, spleen and testes in men.

The most common forms of blood cancer in adolescents are lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Nearly all people with ALL and AML are treated with chemotherapy, others may also receive stem cell transplants (in which patients receive stem cells from other bodies). Bone marrow transplants are also a common type of stem cell transplant. Some patients receive radiation therapy. The duration of treatment and type of drug depends on the type of cancer.

The chances of cure are very high with some types of blood cancer. Most ALL and early detected AML patients can be cured completely and never relapse.

Brain tumors

There are two types of brain tumors: primary brain tumors (starting from cells in the brain) and secondary brain tumors (coming from a form of cancer that starts in another part of the body and spreads to the brain).

Most common brain tumors in adolescents are primary forms. Two of the most common forms are astrocytomas (brain tumors originating from brain cells called astrocytes, which are not metastasized from the brain and spinal cord, do not affect other organs) and ependymomas (derived from mucosa ventricular intraperitoneal.

No one knows the exact cause of primary brain tumors, but it is possible that when the brain and spinal cord are forming, there is a problem with the cells here.

There are many ways to treat brain tumors depending on the type and location of the tumor. If the tumor is removed, surgery will be performed, followed by radiation. Some patients also get chemotherapy. The chance of surviving a brain tumor depends on the type, location and quality of treatment. If the tumor is removed and then treated thoroughly, the disease can be completely cured.

Lymphoma

This type of cancer develops in the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, palate, tonsils and bone marrow. This system has the function of fighting bacteria that cause infection and disease. Most adolescents with lymphoma develop into two forms: Hodgkin's disease (cancer of the lymphatic tissue) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (cancer of the cells in the immune system).

Hodgkin's disease usually occurs in lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, chest . These lymph nodes become enlarged but do not cause pain. The characteristic of Hodgkin's disease is the presence of unusually large cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used for this disease.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is almost the same as white blood disease ALL, because they all involve white blood cells and have many of the same symptoms. NHL is usually treated with chemotherapy.

Sarcoma Ewing

Another form of bone cancer, called Ewing's Sarcoma, is similar to malignant bone tumors that predominantly affect adolescents and often occur in the legs or pelvis.

Most teenagers with Ewing sarcoma are treated with chemotherapy and surgery. Some patients need extra radiotherapy to ensure that the remaining cancer cells are completely destroyed. Ewing sarcoma usually responds well to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma share common risk factors and side effects during treatment. The chances of recovery depend on the location of the tumor, size and ability to metastasize. But both types of cancer can be cured.

Rhabdomyosarcoma:

The disease is common in children and adolescents, in which cancer cells grow in soft tissue of striated muscles (muscles help people to control movement). Although this type of cancer can occur throughout the body, it is mainly concentrated in the body, arms and legs. Treatment and recovery opportunities depend on tumor location and invasiveness.