'Child of Big Bang' appears 33 billion light years from Earth

With the help of the "monster" Pandora galaxy cluster, the James Webb Space Telescope has captured images of two galaxies 33 billion light years away from Earth.

Even the world's most powerful space telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope, jointly operated by NASA/ESA/CSA (US, European, Canadian space agencies), does not have such a long-range observation range.

However, by looking through the Pandora Cluster, also known as Abell 2744 , a giant galaxy cluster 3.5 billion light years from Earth, astronomers from Pennsylvania (USA) have discovered something miraculous.

UNCOVER-z12 and UNCOVER-z13 are two ancient galaxies that have just been discovered with the help of the Pandora Cluster.

Two ancient galaxies, one described as a peanut and the other as a cotton ball, are nearly three times as old as Earth.

They represent the oldest class of galaxies, the "children of the Big Bang ," whose light bursts through the very thin layer of hydrogen gas that made up the early universe.

Scientists still cannot explain why these objects 33 billion light years away from Earth have different shapes despite being made from the same materials of a chemically poor newborn universe.

They also have a ghostly blood-red color, which is caused by a phenomenon called 'redshift': These galaxies weren't originally that far away from Earth, but the universe has pushed them away as it expanded,

The red color is created as a result of the Doppler effect , when the spectral lines in the visible light part shift towards the red spectrum due to the decrease in the frequency of the electromagnetic wave during this "flight". The redder the object, the faster and farther it is running away from us.

Only three galaxies have ever been discovered at such a distance, but these two are remarkable because they are so much larger. Why such a giant galaxy formed so early in the universe remains a mystery.

The reason James Webb was able to capture images of them so far away is because the Pandora Cluster acts as a "gravitational lens".

It is when something so massive, with such a strong gravitational pull, blocks the line of sight from Earth to a very distant object. This gravitational force bends space-time, causing light to pass through it as if it were going through a magnifying glass, thereby magnifying the more distant object.