Find out the cause of extremely fast resistant cancer tumors

Researchers have discovered why tumors can quickly develop mechanisms to fight the best and latest treatments.

Much of the DNA code is surrounded by super-long, twisted molecules called chromosomes . We have 46 chromosomes, including 23 pairs. The pairs of chromosomes are identical and evenly distributed when cells occur in division. Inside cells called mitochondria also have pieces of DNA.

In rare cases, it is still possible to find non-chromosome DNA floating in cells.

Since the 1960s, it is known in cancer cells that contain DNA outside the chromosome. However, the scientific community still has no tools to test it meticulously until recently.

Researcher Paul Mischel of the Ludwig Research Institute (of the Cancer Research Center in San Diego, USA) discovered that chromosomal DNA plays an important role in brain tumors . They are called glioblastoma and are very resistant to drugs.

Often when a researcher wants to learn about the resistance of cancer, they want to know which genes have affected cancer activity.

But now, the position of the gene is no longer the most important thing. Mischel's research has shown that it's important to know the location of the gene as well as what it is.

"After the study published in 2014, we" broke "many things about DNA outside the chromosome, they are more popular and cause more consequences for humans than we think," Mischel said.

DNA outside the chromosome is linked to cancer.(Photo: San Diego).

In recent studies, Mischel's team analyzed thousands of cells from 117 tumors in the cell lines of patients, 8 benign tumors from volunteers and 10 non-cancerous tumors from the lineage. cell.

Mischel and his team have used many clinical devices in many areas such as cell genetics, genetics, bioinformatics (the field of science using the technologies of applied math and information fields). study, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems) to test.

After analysis, they found that chromosomal DNA accounted for 40-90% of the cell line tumor . One surprising thing is that in benign tumors, no chromosomes have any DNA.

The team conducted the genome sequencing of tumor cells and used a molecular search device called in-situ hybrid technology (a hybrid method using a piece of DNA, complementary RNA or an acid fragment The nucleic has been modified to determine the location of a certain DNA or RNA sequence on a tissue sample) to test. The researchers found that the genes involved in all types of tumors carry the code of DNA outside the chromosome.

Unlike chromosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA, DNA outside the chromosome does not play a role in redistributing parental cells. Their female cells also do not inherit their parents' genes.

A sample calculator has been used to accelerate the process of DNA outside the chromosome that spreads through divided cancer cells. By redistributing mutated cancer-causing mutants, the tumor becomes a "synthetic bag" of many cell types.

Scientists believe that cancer has found a way to penetrate the body through genes distributed in chromosomes. Cells with genes that are correctly matched, have a higher ability to resist drugs that prevent cancer's metastasis.

Mischel's next research step and his team is to identify the mechanisms that the tumor uses to contain copies of DNA outside the chromosome. Further research will help find the right drugs, to prevent the rapid development of these types of cancer.