From natural nuclear furnace to parallel universe!

In 1974, a strange phenomenon was discovered: The U235 isotope composition in natural Uranium at Oklo mine, Gabon is much smaller than normal. Can explain this strange phenomenon when it is said that constants can change over time .

The universes have physical constants unlike ours, so far we have no way to recognize them because of disconnection and, maybe, there are no mixing universes. parallel to us that we are not aware of because of the non-continuity because of the physical constants we just mentioned.

Prof. Dr. Nguyen Mong Giao (striped shirt) and Dr. Ta Anh Tuan, Ho Chi Minh City Institute of Physics at the National Research Center on Fermilab Acceleration, USA (Photo: MG)

Oklo phenomenon: Natural nuclear reactor .

In 1974, French scientists discovered that the Uranium isotope component 235 in natural Uranium at the Oklo Gabon mine (West Africa) was much smaller than normal. This violates the law of isotopes, a proven law and always true for any element in nature.

Mr. Nguyen Mong Giao graduated from Leningrad University (Russia) with a degree in Physics, defending his doctoral thesis at the Dubna Nuclear Nuclear Research Institute (Soviet Union).Later, he was invited to work at many world-renowned science centers such as the European Atomic Center (CERN located in Geneva, Switzerland), the Japan National Accelerator Research Institute (KEK, located in Tshukuba), the US National Acceleration Laboratory (FERMILAB, located near Chicago), the German National Acceleration Research Center (DESY, located in Hamburg), National Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, located in Trieste, Italy).Currently, he is Chairman of the Scientific Council of HCMC Institute of Physics, a senior associate member of the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP located in Trieste, Italy).

The violation of the isotope rule in Gabon's Gaban mine was later called the Oklo phenomenon. Shortly afterwards, to explain the Oklo phenomenon, a hypothesis was suggested that nature had " created " a nuclear reactor many billions of years ago and the reactor was available in itself. This course has been working non-stop for several million years.

Many later measurements have shown that the theory that nature has mobilized itself to create a nuclear reactor is correct.

This is something both strange and scientifically interesting.

Strangely, it was not until 1941 that a new nuclear reactor was successfully built for the first time and that today not all countries can produce this sophisticated nuclear device. Yet nature and nature have made it many billions of years ago!

The Oklo phenomenon has thus become an interesting topic for a wide range of studies, especially when the hypothesis of nature creating the Oklo nuclear reactor that we just mentioned cannot explain the absence. radioactive debris was produced when the kiln was operating.

Some also hypothesize that not the operation of nature has created the above Oklo nuclear reactor, but perhaps people from other civilizations have created it for energy to use when travel to our Earth. Because their technology is very high, there is no need to cover, no need to build. They immediately took clay as a cover, sand and water as a slowing agent, natural rainwater as well as a heat load and a slow neutron, as well as furnace control materials .

And moreover, because the technology is so high, the calculation is too accurate and reasonable, the Oklo reactor leaves no trace of radioactive waste that a conventional furnace must have.

When constants . change over time ?!

Beautiful constants, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, by Arnold Arnold Wilhelm Sommerfeld find and apply in quantum mechanics, often denoted by alpha notation in physical formulas.This is a basic constant used to describe the interaction intensity of electrons together.More specifically, the electromagnetic intensity to hold the atomic particles together.Beautiful constants are a scalar quantity, so their numerical values ​​depend on the environment and the system when applied.Its value is about 1/137.

In nature there are constant quantities such as light velocity (c), gravitational constant G, mass of electrons (m¬¬e), beautiful constants Alpha . So far scientists think These quantities are constant within the entire universe, for example, the beautiful constant Alpha (Fine constant) valued at 1/137 on Earth is equally valuable throughout other regions of the universe. The physical theories are built on the constants that just speak and the properties of the universe are also explained on the basis of the constants mentioned above.

In 1976 Alxander Shlyakher, a Russian physicist working at the ST Peterburg Nuclear Science Institute, explained the Oklo phenomenon differently.

He said that many billions of years ago the beautiful Alpha constant was a little bit different (not equal to 1/137 as it is now), so the isotope ratio is different.

Oklo mine was created in the period when the Alpha beauty constant is smaller than today. Therefore, the ratio of uranium 235 is smaller now.

With this hypothesis, Oklo is explained in a simple and accurate way. But it raises a big question: Do the physical constants of our own universe change over time? When the universe first formed the value of constants is equal now or not? And what physicists still consider to be true nowadays: Are physical constants the same throughout the entire universe, whether or not it remains true during the lifetime of the universe?

If physical constants have changed over time, then we can explain many phenomena that still headaches physicists in the past such as the red shift, the formation of Black holes and especially can easily answer the most difficult question of modern science about black matter like: What is black matter? Why do we just feel the existence of black matter and black energy and have not measured them correctly?

Redshift is the phenomenon of the spectral lines obtained from Quasars larger than the corresponding spectral lines on Earth. This phenomenon is considered to be evidence of the expansion of the universe. The expanding universe is an issue that has been controversial and annoying for both physicists and philosophers over the past few decades.

Quasar was also called crystal standard discovered in 1960. On August 5, 1962, M. Smith identified the existence of quasars when studying celestial bodies 3C 273 . Quasars are bodies with a diameter of less than 1 light-year but are the most powerful source of radiation in the universe. The red shift of the spectrum of quasars shows that they are very far away from us and are moving away at great speeds. More than 3,000 quasars have been discovered, all of which have very high radiation levels and are moving away from us at very high speeds (the record is quasar PC 1247 + 3460 moving away at a velocity about 94% of the speed of light. (According to Vietnam Astronomy website)

But shifting towards the red - the evidence of space expansion can simply be explained if it is assumed that the Alpha constant is several billion years ago smaller than it is now. Then the spectrum of the emitted atom will have a wavelength longer than the current corresponding spectrum.

We measure these spectra emitted from the Quasars on Earth, which means measuring the atomic spectra emitted many billion years ago. Therefore, we recorded spectra with longer wavelengths. So shifting to the red may not be the proof of the expansion of the universe but the evidence of the change of the Alpha constant.

It is very interesting that Einstein himself developed the theory of gravitation on the basis of a static universe, when he discovered the shift toward red he had to add his equation a number to eliminate the expansion of the universe . Later, Einstein himself thought that was his biggest mistake .

The universes have physical constants unlike ours, so far we have no way to recognize them by disconnection. Similarly, perhaps in black matter and black energy, physical constants may be different from ordinary matter, so we can only feel and not measure. And, maybe, there are no mixing universes with us that we don't recognize because of the disconnection because of the physical constants we just mentioned.

Also, there may exist life forms that do not have constants that are compatible with us, so we are not aware yet.

Much of what is said in this article is still the subject of debate in science. But is there any scientific achievement that was not born from scientific debates?

Equipment for generating power for Tevatron accelerators at the National Fermilab Acceleration Research Center, USA (Photo: MG)

Prof. Dr. Nguyen Mong Giao