Heli 3 - Fusion energy for the future

Helium (He) is the element in the periodic table of the chemical element He and has the atomic number 2. The name of this element originates from Helios, the name of the Sun god in Greek mythology, due to This elemental origin is found in the Sun's spectrum. Helium isotopes have the same number of protons, but there are several different neutrons in the atom, Helium has two major isotopes (2He, 3He).

Helium is used for aerial and small balloons because its density is smaller than that of air, and as a cooling liquid for superconducting magnets. Helium isotope 3 (3He) has many applications in life, and one of those applications is fusion energy.

Nuclear energy is obtained based on the process of large nuclear decay such as: Uranium . into many smaller nuclei. In contrast, in a fusion reaction, two smaller nuclei combine into larger nuclei while releasing an energy source. The reaction in the ITER furnace is a combination of two hydrogen isotopes: Deuterium and Tritium. Tritium is radioactive, is a component of nuclear weapons, so it should be used with extreme caution, furthermore, high mobility neutrons are produced with high mobility. Deuterium reaction - Tritium will hit the reactor wall and cause structural damage to the furnace. It is hoped that ITER can be replaced regularly, every 1 to 2 years.

The first fusion reactor named International Thermonuclear experimental Reactor (ITER) was started in Cadarache, France, with an intention to create 100 million degree Plasma in 2016. However, perhaps within the next 20 years, Power plants that use fusion energy have not yet appeared.

Scientists have demonstrated that just 40 tons of helium 3 can provide the necessary energy for the needs of US electricity for a year . Helium 3 is a mild isotope of the helium element, often used in high-temperature reactions, and many other helium-releasing nuclei with other nuclei release more energy while discharging. Very little waste compared to conventional nuclear reactions. However, on Earth, helium 3 is ' rare '. It is often formed in the form of a byproduct of nuclear weapons. People can pay up to $ 1,000 for a gram of helium. 3. The solar wind is a relatively stable supply of helium 3, but obtaining helium 3 from the solar wind is extremely difficult, because of the Earth's magnetic field. they go away. However, the Moon is an extremely powerful source of helium 3, because for 4.5 billion years, it has been ' diligently ' acquiring about 1 million to 5 million tons of helium 3 from the solar wind. However, it is not easy to earn 3 helium from the Moon: it has to handle hundreds of millions of tons of rock to get 1 ton of helium 3.

Gerald Kulcínki, director of the Institute of Fusion Technology at the University of Wisconin (USA), and his colleagues designed a machine-able system on the Moon's surface to get ' land ' on it and Use concentrated sunlight to heat up to 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit (700 ^° C). Kulcinski estimates that his machine can produce three times as much energy as it consumes for this task (including energy to the moon and back). He calculated that they would spend about $ 800 million to bring each ton of Heli 3 to Earth, in return for selling every ton of Heli 3 for $ 10 billion!

Although Helium 3 is a clean fusion energy source, creating little waste, however, to make the dream of ' Helium 3 energy ' a reality, in addition to scarcity, scientists also have to face a Other difficulties: it is difficult to burn helium 3 . In order to burn helium 3, higher energy is needed to burn the hydrogen isotope. Kulcinski offers a way to create an Inertial Electrostalic Confinement (IEC) fusion reaction, which is not used from the wall to keep the plasma hot like ITER, but uses a method of ejecting electrons. school However, in these tests, the input energy source of the IEC fusion reaction is much greater than the energy it produces. As a result, most researchers agree that helm-3 is not yet able to agree that helium 3 is not the first fuel to be used in fusion reactors. However, humans are still very optimistic Heli 3 will become an important source of energy in the future.

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