March 24, 1959: Patent granted Maser

On March 24, 1959, the device "Stimulated microwave emission amplification" was patented.

Maser is the acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulation Emission of Radiation and means "Stimulated microwave emission by microwave emission ". Maser and laser have the same mechanism of action, except that the maser operates with photon frequencies in the microwave region and the laser works in ultraviolet, light or infrared. Maser rays are therefore more concentrated and have much higher energy than lasers.

Charles Townes beside the Maser machine he invented.

The basic principle that led to the creation of maser (or laser) was the concept of stimulated emission , first introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917. This concept was derived from close phenomena in the world. Material and radiation, which is instantaneous absorption and emission.

There are many types of maser . Generally it can be grouped into two types such as maser gas and solid maser, but there is no theory about liquid maser. In each category there are many smaller types; for example, solid maser has many different types such as two solid levels and three diffusion levels.

During operation, many types of maser use liquid helium to cool the temperature down to 4 K, which reduces the noise generated by vibrations of electrons, nuclei and other particles.

There are some chemicals that can diffuse. Including water, base, ammonia (NH3), methanol (CH3OH), formon (CH2O), silicon monoxide (SiO) and hydrogen ion. Inert gas maser is an example for non-polar diffusion environment.

In 1954, Charles Townes , an American physicist, and a colleague at Columbia University in New York City, was Dr. Basov and Dr. Prochorov published their findings on devices capable of creating Maser beam output. In 1959, patents were granted for their invention. The latter is widely used in military and medicine.