New history page about black holes (part I)

The cosmic black hole had to endure bad reputation. Newspapers accuse them of gravity monsters, astronomers have labeled them nicknames who like to hide themselves, and hypotheses have long considered them a stop for the evolution of the universe. These invisible objects are described as the mysterious force that destroys and drains life.

Therefore it seems strange to consider them an indispensable creative resource in the universe.

But this is a new bright page of black holes along with their role in the evolution of the universe. Interviews with many experts rewrote the elusive history of these hidden objects and revealed that black holes are actually sculptors of the galaxy.

Under the newly revised viewpoint, while still containing much controversial information, many fuzzy paragraphs or opening chapters are lacking in detail, black holes are proven to play a fundamental resource in the development process as well as the basic shape of the galaxy along with the star distribution in the galaxy. The new history also shows that a black hole is almost certainly the product of the galaxy it inhabits.

The hypothesis forms a common Darwinian name: co-evolution.

Co-evolution occurs in less than a decade, and lasts up to 30 years depending on the subject. Many hypotheses never take this seriously, and no one has enough evidence to reinforce it. In the past 6 years, the hypothesis has gained a certain position. In the past three years, observations have been a great support to making the evolutionary hypothesis a mainstream hypothesis for both the development of black holes and the formation of galaxies.

Meg Urry, an astronomer and a professor of physics at Yale University, said: 'The picture that is showing about black holes and co-evolutionary galaxies has changed our view of black holes. Previously, black holes were considered to be the stops of evolution, the final resting period of most or all of the matter in the universe. We now believe that black holes also play a key role in galaxy formation. '

This view is particularly relevant in explaining the mechanism by which giant galaxies formed in the first billion years of the universe. And it's so new that just last week the new hypotheses gained what might be the first direct evidence that galaxies actually formed around the first black holes.

Questions about chicken and eggs

Like archaeologists, astronomers devote most of their careers to looking back. They collected photons that traveled through time and space since the time of the Earth's formation, about 4.5 billion years ago. Rogier Windhorst, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, explored deeply in the past, into the era when the universe was only 5% longer than it is today.

Black holes and co-evolution

Some connection may have sparked the output energy of the galaxy Centaurus A. (Photo: Space)

Riddle

Very dense but these so-called quasars can illuminate thousands of ordinary galaxies. They appear a lot at the time the universe is less than 10% of its life. Prepare black holes for energy and weigh more than a billion suns. How can they grow so fast?

Hypothesis goes ahead

The process of co-evolution suggests that galaxies and massive black holes evolve together, each object must rely on the other to obtain its basic weight. If this is true, once fully understood, the new hypothesis will help answer the question of development.

Proof

According to a report last week, the first quasars seem to be surrounded by large galaxies that contain tons of gases, providing energy for star formation and feeding black holes.

Dark matter is studied by understanding hot gas clouds as shown in the picture. (Photo: Space)

Near quasars are common galaxies that may have just passed the quasar phase, visible on the image.

The bulge in the center of stars of many galaxies, such as the Milky Way, is directly related to the mass of black holes buried inside. The sizes of a galaxy are also closely related to the black hole's 'eating habits'.

Most of the mass of the black hole is the total weight of the gas, which indicates that the black hole needs a galaxy around it to grow.

The horse is black

The mysterious dark matter halo is thought to spread into the space surrounding galaxies. This invisible gravity 'transmitter' plays an important role in galaxies as well as the creation of black holes.

Similar hypotheses

If the dominant co-evolutionary hypothesis, as most researchers believe, then another hypothesis would become false: one is the first galaxy forming and leading to the development of black holes; second is a pre-formed black hole, providing seeds for the galaxy to combine. It is also possible that different types of galaxies form by different means, and that co-evolution can only describe a path to the perfection of the galaxy.

Earlier this month, Windhorst and his colleague Haojing Yan will publish a picture taken with the Hubble space telescope showing the most distant normal galaxies ever observed.

Near quasars are common galaxies that may have just passed the quasar phase, visible on the image. (Photo: Space) Although stretched and slightly distorted by the effects of observation technology, new galaxies are discovered quite similar to our Milky Way galaxy. They exist from 13 billion years ago, within 1 billion years after the Big Bang.

In fact, parallel objects are discovered through separate observations of the very solid and brilliant Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which are quasars. Shining galaxies are precisely because each galaxy has a giant black hole in the center . The mass of a black hole is equivalent to one billion suns or more, all compressed into an area that is probably smaller than our solar system.

The attracting force has attracted all the surrounding air. The material is accelerated to close to the speed of light, extremely heated and then swallowed. This process is not completely effective but still has a by-product: a large amount of energy, which is radio waves, X-rays and normal light - illuminates the entire scene.

Quasars seem to be surrounded by bright pants of dark matter as well, which is an unobserved mysterious element of every galaxy. Researchers are gradually realizing that co-existence and intermingling of dark matter are the star regions and the shattered gas is as big or even larger than our own.

There can be no coincidence when two discoveries - distant quasars and common galaxies - were published at the same time as the American Astronomical Society (AAS) conference on January 9 The process of co-evolution has manifested in the minds of discoverers.

Among the significant effects of the co-evolution hypothesis is the ability to respond to questions about long-standing chicken and eggs in astronomy: What appears before, galaxies or black holes?

Windhorst asked the question: 'What about both? In fact, you may have a galaxy formed simultaneously with a growing black hole. '

Although Urry did not participate in the discovery process, when asked to analyze the problem explained this: 'We believe that galaxies and quasars have a close relationship, the quasar reality is one. phase in galaxy evolution. For our current picture, when every galaxy forms and collapses it must undergo a short quasar phase '.

So when a quasar lies in a limbo, what remains is bound to the normal galaxy - the stars, the gas that dances around a mysterious material pit in the center.

However, quintessence is a character not easy to approach. Quasars are a short name for the phrase 'star-like radio source', and astronomers initially mistakenly confused stars in our galaxy in the 1960s. When a quasar glow, its brightness can surpass the light of a thousand ordinary galaxies. Standardizing the illumination for its entire 'home' galaxy, so bright that scientists could not see the factor that caused all the vibrations in it. The veil will be lifted as you read this. However, when the telescope's eyesight was expanded to look deeper in the past, data was also processed by modern computer models.

New history page about black holes (part II)

New history page about black holes (part III)