New history page about black holes (part II)

The idea drawn

According to Martin Haehnelt of Cambridge University, simulations of the evolutionary process began to emerge in the mid-1990s when researchers found but the clue shows the appearance of a sizable black hole located in Galaxy center is related to that galaxy's shape. Only galaxies with new spherical bulges have supermassive black holes.

The Milky Way, if visible from the edge, will be a good example of one of the galaxy's bulges. The Milky Way is much smaller than galaxies, and it has a smaller, black hole, roughly 2.6 million times the sun. According to astronomers, it certainly has been through quasars.

In the mid-1990s, no one knew for sure how popular black holes were. Hypothesis along with observational data has led to the possibility that they exist everywhere.

Later in 2000, astronomers found compelling evidence that black holes lurk deep inside and perhaps every galaxy has a bulge in the center. In addition, an analysis also shows a direct link between the mass of each black hole and the shape and scope of the bulge, leading to the overall size of the galaxy.

At an AAS conference in June 2000, John Kormendy of the University of Texas at Austin published evidence of 10 mammoth black holes with masses related to bulges in their galaxy. Kormen works in a large group of researchers led by astronomer Douglas Richstone of the University of Michigan. Now some researchers argue that this study, along with other studies conducted close to each other, serves as a common turning point for co-evolution, progressing to stable quantitative equilibrium.

Haehnelt said: 'The view of galaxies' co-evolution and giant black holes is then more widely discussed and accepted.'

The evidence continues to be collected further. In 2001, two separate research groups demonstrated that many smaller galaxies without bulges did not appear to have significant black holes.

In the past 6 months, other important studies have also been conducted, providing an independent affirmation for some initial studies. According to Haehnelt, 'it is increasingly clear that supermassive black holes can dramatically change the structure and evolution of galaxies'.

The first large-scale scientific conference on co-evolution - a sure sign of this unique theory - was held just three months ago by the prestigious Carnegie Observatory.

There are many other variants of the basic evolutionary hypothesis. Each version tried to explain a controversial truth: in a blink of the universe - only about half a billion years , invisible material spheres were formed; some of them reach a mass equal to one billion suns or more, manipulating the shape and texture of the rotating masses, including newly formed stars.

The process of co-evolution is not yet complete. However, some argue that a great black hole may collapse outside the pre-galactic cloud , and act as an engine ready to drive the galaxy's development later. Even loyal supporters of the hypothesis also argue that there are still other possible hypotheses, not necessarily completely rejected. These hypotheses suggest that the giant black hole formed first. Some others refer to the galaxy responsible for controlling the process of black hole formation.

If the black hole grows incrementally, it is not clear whether the combination of formation occurs from an early stage, or jumps in after a certain amount of mass has formed.

Martin Rees, a collaborator with Haehnelt and author of the first scientific papers that answered this question, said: 'I think we have not yet determined whether any of the black holes play a role. the process of forming the first galaxies'.

He continued: 'In fact, there is a lot of debate around whether the black hole can form in very small castles, and whether there is any connection between the' small 'black hole that forms as a stop. in the evolution of large stars and whether black holes of the mass of a million solar systems exist in the center of galaxies'.

Another dark matter

Interchanging expressions is an unknown unknown: dark matter. Researchers believe that this undiscovered material flooded every galaxy. Its halo surrounds the Milky Way. Dark matter does not interact with light, but it has a large gravity, acting as an invisible glue that binds galaxies together.

Dark matter is taken into account in oil-evolving copper models but only at a general level. However, some researchers believe that dark matter, more than a black hole, is clearly related to galaxy formation and development.

A cloud of black hole gas is like an appetite animal. Its negligent eating habits create electronic energy by-products, from radio waves to X-rays, lighting up the entire surrounding space, hiding what is happening. And this is what makes the quintessence. (Photo: Aurore Simonnet, University of Sonoma)

Just last week the first direct evidence of dark matter halos surrounding the first quasars was published. The discovery was discovered by Rennan Barkana of Tel Aviv University and astronomer Abraham Loeb of Harvard University, which is the first general concept of anatomy of the quasars that is far away from us. Importantly, it supports the basic view of co-evolution. But it also makes it clear that there is no denying the role of a book chapter in the book about the co-evolutionary hypothesis of dark matter.

Laura Ferrrarese, a physicist at Rutgers University, analyzed this dark matter. According to her, the discovery shows a supermassive black hole, the stars around it, and the surrounding halo of dark matter coordinating harmoniously to create the structure.

Considering other evidence, Ferrarese realized that the role of dark matter was even bigger, more obvious than many pundits once remarked.

"There is an observable relationship between the mass of the black hole and the mass of dark matter, not necessarily the mass of the galaxy," she said.

Although the information is still fuzzy and there are many different thoughts, the hypotheses must study to explain a startling truth: About 300 million years to 800 million years after the Big Bang, the first black holes formed and then 'devoured' to reach a mass of more than 1 billion suns.

Before thinking about how the early Sumo wrestlers of the universe moved their bodies in a wrestling match, consider this: A black hole can swallow less than 1% of the total mass of the galaxy. but it 'anchored'.

Shine in the dark period

The history of the early stages of the black hole - which took place over 500 million years, led to objects observed with modern technology - which is linked to the development of the first stars. Reflecting on this requires first returning to the first stage.

When the universe was formed, there was nothing but hydrogen, helium and some lithium. It all went on for about 300,000 years before a significant event occurred. The gas became too dense, so it became too hot to survive. Gradually, the matter in the universe expanded and cooled down enough to allow gas to "recombine and stabilize in intermediate states".

Hydrogen gas is still too hot to form stars, so it needs to be expanded further. The gloomy darkness lasted, in the process some waves began to ripple on the flat texture of space.

Windhorst, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, explains: 'There has been no event for 300 million years. The universe just stood still like that. Then suddenly the first stars started shining '.

The moment when the first light came out could not be determined accurately. But during the next 500 million years the so-called dark era of the universe reigned. More precisely, these lights mark the shining phase of the universe and end the dark era.

New history page about black holes (part I)

New history page about black holes (part III)