Scary volcanoes in history

On the occasion of the eruption of Redoubt volcano, Popsci's scientific website reviewed some of the "red addresses" of historical geology.

Santa Maria Volcano

The eruption of the Santa Maria volcano, along with its brother volcano Santiaguito, is considered one of the biggest eruptions in the 20th century. think it is 'sleeping'. 20 billion m3 of rock and soil sprayed into the sky of Guatemala. Part of the fly ash reaches California, USA. Since then, Santa Maria has been voted as one of 16 'Volcanic Decades' by the Volcanic Science Society and International Chemistry (IAVCEI).

Changbai volcano

Changbai volcano (or Baekdu mountain, Bach Dau Son) is the natural border between China and DPRK. The volcano last operated in 1903. Earlier, the historic eruption took place in 1000, at level 7/8, according to the VEI volcanic eruption index.

Crater - Lake on the crater is off

As the splendid highlight of the National Park in Oregon, Lake Crater is essentially the remains of a large volcano called the Mazama. About 7,000 years ago, the volcano nearly 3,352 m had a massive eruption that "blew" 731 m of the height of the mountain.

Kikai Crater

Currently, on an archipelago in the southern end of Japan, the Kikai crater is linked to four other volcanoes. And when the largest volcano erupted continuously, these eruptions were only small in size compared to the eruption that occurred in 4,350 BC (collected by traces of geologists and commentary. That explosion created a large crater, and was classified as level 7/8 according to the VEI volcanic eruption index.

Santorini volcano

Santorini volcano in Greece is one of the 'volcanoes of the decade' voted by IAVCEI. Currently the mountain is located on an archipelago in the Mediterranean, but previously Santorini was an isolated island. The change took place after the eruption of VEI level 7/8 in 1610 BC. In addition to affecting the appearance of nature, Santorini mountain eruption also weakened the Minoan civilization on Crete and most likely the source of the legend of the existence and disappearance of the legendary continent. Atlantic.

Krakatoa volcano

When it comes to the most famous volcanic eruptions ever, it must be mentioned the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa in August 1883. The eruption completely destroyed the Indonesian island nation. The mass of lava dust was estimated to fill Michigan University's stadium 40,000 times.

Tambora volcano

Like Krakatoa Mountain, Tambora volcano is in Indonesia today. Traces of the eruption in 1813 and the peak of the explosion in 1815 were considered the largest volcanic eruption of the modern era. All the dust and smoke sprayed the sky enough to cover a 1.5-mile-thick layer of ash on the entire island of Manhattan. The eruption caused global temperatures to drop by 3 degrees, causing the phenomenon of 'one year without summer'. Global food becomes inadequate when ash obscures the sun. That winter, brown and red snow fell across the world, and caused a prolonged cold spell in 1815.

Lake Taupo

Located in New Zealand, Taupo volcano has two eruptions at level 6/8 according to the VEI index. However, the eruption of the Oruanui volcano (nearby) 26,000 years ago was truly the most terrible. The eruption released enough lava to cover a layer of 0.05 m thick across Europe. The eruption was so great that it took 17,000 years for the climate to return to its pre-disaster state.

Io volcano

However, it is not comparable to the largest volcanic eruption on Earth with similar geological activity on Jupiter's 'moon'. The first observation of NASA's Voyager 1 satellite, the volcanoes on it worked so violently that the lava cover covered a thick layer of about 321,870 m on the surface of the moon. The volcanic power here is because the liquid at the center of the moon is always strongly disturbed under the attraction of Jupiter.