The 10 most famous physicists and astronomers of all time

Galilei, Einstein and Hawking are among the most famous scientists and have the most contributions to astrophysics.

Claudius Ptolemy (90-168) was a mathematician, geographer and astronomer living in Egypt but with Greek ancestors, according to Space. In the 2nd century, Ptolemy published Almagest, a comprehensive treatise on the movement of stars and planets, and placed the Earth at the center of the solar system. (Photo: Bartolomeu Velho). Ptolemy's system provided information boards that allowed the prediction of planets.Ptolemy also listed 48 constellations, their names still exist today.Ptolemy's thought was accepted for more than 12 centuries, but his proposed model was inaccurate and later replaced by heliocentric theory.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was a Polish astronomer who broke the concept of the Earth at the center of the solar system that existed for centuries. He proposed that the Sun model is at the center of heliocentric theory. Copernicus published the book De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, roughly translated as Rotation of celestial bodies , when he was 70 years old and lying dying.Copernicus's idea took nearly a century to accept.Galileo's assertion in 1632 suggested that the Earth revolved around the Sun based on Copernicus' work.(Photo: Wikimedia).

Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) defended and supplemented Copernic's view of the Solar System, making him one of the pioneers in the 16-17th Century Scientific Revolution.(Photo: Ancient Origins).Kepler demonstrated that planets that did not move perfectly around the Sun like Copernicus thought, had elliptical orbits with the Sun as the focal point.In addition, planets do not move at the same speed in orbit.The road connecting a planet with the Sun sweeps across equal areas in equal intervals.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was the center of the scientific revolution in the 17th century with studies of physics, astronomy and scientific methodology.He was born in Pisa, Italy.Galileo experimented with telescopes and improved telescopes, thus discovering the four major moons of Jupiter.(Photo: Edukalife).

Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727) is often considered the most influential person in all sciences.He invented calculus calculus, as well as many discoveries in the fields of optics, mechanics, experimental chemistry, alchemy and theology.Newton's three laws of motion and the theory of gravitational change completely changed contemporary science.(Photo: History Collection).

Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) , a Dutch astronomer, made many contributions in astronomy, mathematics, and physics.In 1655, Huygens discovered a thin and flat belt around Saturn.He was also the first to discover Saturn's Titan moon, sketching the Orion nebula shape, as well as proposing light wave theory.(Photo: Biografie).

Giovanni Cassini (1625-1712) was born in Perinaldo, Republic of Genoa (Italy today).In 1672, Cassini and his colleague Jean Richer used the parallax method to determine the distance from Mars to Earth, allowing the first estimates of the size of the solar system.Cassini was also the first to observe four Saturnian satellites including Iapetus, Rhea, Tethys and Dione.His name was given to the Cassini spacecraft to study Saturn and its satellites since 2004. (Photo: Wikimedia).

Charles Messier (1730-1817) was a French scientist who was interested in astronomy since he was very young.He witnessed a 6-tailed comet at 14 and observed the annular eclipse in 1748.When acting as a young comet hunter, Messier began to discover and record nebulae, for objects This is often mistaken for comets.He made a list of objects in the sky at very far distances like star clusters and galaxies.The first list published in 1771 included 45 objects, eventually being extended to Messier by 103 objects.Astronomers then added the list with a total of 110 objects.(Photo: Famous People).

Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) was born in Wurttemberg, Germany.He was dubbed the father of modern physics when successfully building general relativity and the famous formula E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass and c is constant acceleration The degree of light, has many influences on astrophysics theory.(Photo: Francis).

Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford and grew up in St Albans, England.Hawking made many major contributions in the field of space exploration, black holes, relativity and quantum gravity.Along with British physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking argued that Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity described time and space starting from the Big Bang and ending in black holes.(Photo: Wikimedia).