The 7 biggest mysteries about Mars have not been discovered

Despite bringing dozens of spacecraft to explore Mars, many mysteries in this red planet have yet to be discovered.

Here are the seven biggest mysteries not yet shown before NASA is about to launch Mars exploration on November 25.

1. Why are there two opposing surfaces on Mars?

For decades, scientists have been very confused about the difference between the two halves of the hemisphere on Mars. The northern hemisphere of this planet has a low and flat surface and this is one of the most flat places in the solar system and it is likely because of water that once flowed on the surface of Mars.

Meanwhile, the southern half of the Martian surface is convex and rugged, and much higher than the Northern basin about 4 to 8 km. Recent evidence suggests that there is a big difference between the northern and southern half of the planet due to the collision between Mars and a giant rock from ancient times.

2. Where does the methane gas on Mars come from?

The methane was first discovered in the Martian atmosphere by the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft in 2003. On Earth, most of the methane in the atmosphere is produced by living activity, term as cattle digest food. Methane is thought to have stabilized in the Martian atmosphere only about 300 years ago, so anything that has formed this gas has just emerged recently.

However, there are still many ways to create methane without the need for living activity, such as due to volcanic movement. The European Space Agency (ESA) has planned to bring the ExoMars spacecraft to explore Mars in 2016 to study the chemical composition of the Martian atmosphere from which to study more about this methane.

Mars was taken from NASA's Viking spacecraft in 1975.

3. Has there been an ocean on Mars?

Many studies of Mars reveal the characteristics of this red planet that show that the temperature here was warm enough to allow water to flow on the surface. Therefore, it is possible that there have been large oceans, valleys, deltas and minerals - made up of water.

However, at present, previous Martian climate models cannot explain how such warm temperatures existed. Because then the sun is much weaker than it is today, making some people skeptical whether or not these characteristics are caused by the wind or other mechanisms.

However, there is still other evidence that the Martian climate was old enough to warm water at least on one surface. Other findings suggest that Mars was once cold and wet, not cold, dry, warm and humid, as scientists often argued.

4. Is there water flowing on Mars's surface today?

Although there is plenty of evidence to suggest that there was water flowing on the surface of Mars, it is still not certain whether the water will appear on the surface of the planet.

Atmospheric pressure is about 1/100 times the pressure of the earth, so the planet's atmospheric pressure is too low for liquid water to stay long on the surface. However, the dark and narrow roads seen on the slopes suggest that salty water can flow from the mountainside every spring.

5. Is there life on Mars?

The first spacecraft successfully landed on the surface of Mars is NASA's Viking 1 ship, which began mysteries that have not been found until now to see if there is any evidence of life on Mars?

Viking 1 detected organic molecules such as methyl chloride and dichloromethane. However, these compounds have been removed because they are considered to contaminate the ground during the cleaning of liquids to prepare the spacecraft to launch when the ship is on the ground.

The surface of Mars is not suitable for life at the time when humans discovered Mars due to extreme conditions such as cold temperatures, radiation, super arid and many other factors.

However, much evidence suggests that life still exists in the harsh environment on Earth, such as the cold dry areas of the Antarctic Dry Valley and the super-arid region in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

On earth wherever there is water there is life. Most likely there were Mars oceans and many wondered if there was evolution on Mars. Answering these questions may shed some light on life in the universe.

Other findings suggest that Mars has long been cold and wet.

6. Does life on Earth start from Mars?

The meteorites that once exploded Mars due to cosmic effects were discovered in Antarctica originating from Mars. These meteorites are similar in structure to those created by bacteria on the earth.

These findings increase the likelihood that life on Earth has long been rooted in Mars and brought to Earth by celestial bodies.

7. Can humans live on Mars?

To answer this question, people really have to go to Mars to search.

NASA's plan in 1969 was to bring people to explore Mars in 1981 and build a space station on Mars in 1988. However, the distance between humans and planets poses challenges on technology and science.

One will have to deal with travel difficulties such as water, food and air problems, unfavorable effects of zero gravity, potential hazards such as fire and radiation.

The fact that astronauts do not receive any help from the earth and are limited to the tour team helping each other for years. The issue of landing, working and living on another planet and then returning to Earth will bring a host of other challenges.

However, astronauts still want to explore the red planet. The fact that this year there were six volunteers living in a spaceship simulation model for nearly a year (Mars500 project) to re-enact the mission of driving manned spacecraft to Mars from the beginning until the mission is completed.

Recently, SpaceX Aerospace Company of American billionaire Elon Musk is planning to make the first trip to Mars in 2022. SpaceX will transport cargo ships to the red planet before launching a spacecraft with people Drive in 2024. See more.

In addition to NASA and SpaceX, the UAE recently showed its ambition to bring people to Mars. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced on May 6 the first plan to conquer Mars, intending to send a probe to the red planet in 2021.

"The mission to Mars is made possible by the hope of the Arab world, sending a message that you can be better, help the country to improve and reach for what you want," Sheikh Mohammed Vice President Bin Rashid al Maktoum said, hoping the Martian mission will inspire the new generation of scientists in this area.

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